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Explain the term High level DML?
High level DML A high-level or non-procedural DML permit the user to specify what data is needed without specifying how it is to be acquired. Several DBMSs permit high-level DML statements either to be entered interactively from a terminal or to be embedded in a general-purpose programming language.
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
" Wound-wait" scheme : It is based on a preemptive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by Tj
Describe an data dictionary? A data dictionary is a data structure which keeps meta data about the structure of the database ie. the schema of the database.
4. Describe three ways to handle missing field values
Explain the main advantages of DBMS over File Oriented System ?
What kind of advantages to copying records from one table to another? -) When an algorithm that modifies a table is used after that it's safer to work with the copy -) When
Backward Recovery (UNDO): In this system the uncommitted changes made by a transaction to a database are undone. Instead the system is reset to the last consistent state of databa
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