Explain the significance of v number, Electrical Engineering

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Explain the significance of V number.

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V number or V parameter or normalized cutoff frequency is one of the parameter which is used to calculate the maximum number of modes passing through the fiber.

The V number is defined as:

V= Πd (n12- n22)½  / λ

= 2Πa NA / λ

From this equation it is clear that the V number depends upon

  • core diameter
  • wavelength of the pump signal
  • refractive index variations

From the calculation of V number we can easily calculate the number of modes passing through the fiber.

            For a step index fiber, the number modes is given by

Number modes = V2/2

Where V >20

For a graded index fiber

Number modes = [y/(y+2)] V2/2

Where y is the index profile

The value of    y =1 (for a triangular profile)

  y=2 (for parabolic profile)

in commonly used case number of modes = V2/4


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