Explain the regulation of blood glucose concentration, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration?

A number of mechanisms function to maintain blood glucose at remarkably constant level of 70-100 mg/dl under fasting conditions. Regulation is the net effect of the organ's metabolic processes that remove glucose from the blood for either glycogen synthesis or for energy release and of processes that return glucose to the blood, such as glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Let us understand both of these mechanisms of blood glucose regulation.

2286_Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration.png

Figure illustrates the regulatory process

After a meal, when blood glucose levels increase, the peptide hormones (such as cholecystokinin) secreted from enteroendocrine cells within the mucosa of the small bowel amplify the response of the β-cells of pancreas resulting in the secretion of insulin. Insulin facilitates the transport of glucose by glucose transporter - GLUT 4 into the adipocytes and muscle cells and stimulates glycogenesis (synthesis of glycogen) and fatty acid biosynthesis, thus returning the blood glucose to homeostatic level.

This was the case when there are high glucose levels in blood. But what happens, when the level of glucose falls? How, then the energy demands of cells are met? Well, in case of post absorptive state, the fall in blood glucose level signals the reversal of the pancreatic hormonal secretion i.e. decreased insulin and increased glucagon release. Blood glucose levels are maintained by the breakdown of glycogen and in this way, the glucose demands of brain, RBCs and testis are met. In long periods of fasting' or starvation, glucose is supplied from non-carbohydrate sources by gluconeogenesis. Glucose is synthesized from a range of substrates including pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and amino acids. Body proteins are catabolized to release amino acids while triacylglycerol yields glycerol. These gluconeogenic processes are triggered by a fall in blood glucose concentration below 5.0 mmol (90 mg/dl) and are signaled to the tissues by the secretion of glucagon and glucocorticoid hormones.


Related Discussions:- Explain the regulation of blood glucose concentration

Phenotypical proportion obtained in f2 generation explained, Considering th...

Considering the hybridization in a given trait like the color of the hair of a mammalian species (white/black) conditioned by a pair of different alleles under complete dominance (

Define conical flask - nutritional biochemistry, Define Conical Flask - Nut...

Define Conical Flask - Nutritional Biochemistry Conical flask is a piece of chemistry laboratory equipment, a container often made of glass, which has a narrow cylindrical mout

Protist, Members of phylum animal like protist that are only free living

Members of phylum animal like protist that are only free living

Neurons, what are the properties of synapses

what are the properties of synapses

Define rna synthesis , The general mechanism of RNA synthesis by these euk...

The general mechanism of RNA synthesis by these eukaryotic RNA polymerases is the same as for the prokaryotic enzyme that is: ?   The initiation  of RNA synthesis  by RNA polyme

Human eye, Difference between rod and cone cells

Difference between rod and cone cells

Oncogene, Oncogene is the gene in a tumor virus or in the cancerous cells ...

Oncogene is the gene in a tumor virus or in the cancerous cells which, when transferred into the other cells, can cause the transformation (note which only certain cells are susce

Explain pr murmur characterstic and graham steel murmur, Explain PR Murmur ...

Explain PR Murmur characterstic and graham steel murmur? PR Murmur Characteristic: Blowing, decrescendo murmur heard loudest in 2nd and 3rd left intercostal space with increa

What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs, What is the actio...

What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used against HIV infection? Protease inhibitors are some of the antiretroviral dru

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd