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Q. In some systems a subdirectory is able to be read and written by an authorized user just as ordinary files can be.
a. Explain the protection problems that could arise.
b. Suggest a scheme for dealing with every of the protection problems you named in part a.
Answer:
a. One piece of information reserved in a directory entry is file location. If a user could alter this location then he could access other files defeating the access-protection scheme.
b. Don't allow the user to directly write onto the subdirectory. Rather offer system operations to do so.
How can an index file be used to speed up the access in direct-access files? Have an index in memory; the index gives the key and the disk location of its corresponding record.
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