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Explain the Primary Stain - Ziehl-Neelsen Method?
Ordinary aqueous stains like methylene blue, crystal violet, etc. are not able to stain most of the species of Mycobacteria. Carbol fuchsin, a red mixture of basic fuchsin and phenol can be used for staining these bacteria. Basic fuchsin, binds to carboxylic acid group of mycolic acid and phenol enhances penetration of basic fuchsin into lipid. Penetration is further enhanced by slow heating to steaming for 2-3 minutes. This drives the stain inside the cytoplasm. In modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, instead of heating, a wetting agent - Turgitol - can be added to the stain. This agent reduces surface tension between the cell wall of the mycobacteria and the stain. After staining, all cells become red.
the main excretory system in lower animals
Water loss during excretion In terrestrial animals body water is also lost during excretion of nitrogenous wastes. A number of physiological adaptations have taken place to mi
Q. Illustrate Numerical Taxonomy? Taxonomy today is, in many dctails, different from what it was a generation ago. The use of computers by taxonomists has established an intere
Endothelium - Ovule In plants bearing unitegmic ovules, the nucellus degenerates during early stages of ovule development and the embryo sac comes in contact with the innermos
ISOZYMES : an enzyme having different molecular forms but catalyzing the same reaction.
Water Loss - Plant Water Relation Plants lose about 98% of water to the atmosphere by transpiration. Often water loss by transpiration exceeds gain by absorption and results
Q. What are the major human diseases caused by fungi? The main human diseases caused by fungi are paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, or
Formation of Notochord and Somites The formation of notochord and somites from the transplanted dorsal lip was supposed; these are normally derived from cells of the dorsal li
B a b e s i o s i s It is also known as red water disease or cattle tick fever and is characterized by fever, intravascular haemolysis, acute anaemia and haemoglobinur
Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing: 1. Transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans 2. transgenic models for studying ne
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