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Explain the Physical Methods to Control Microorganisms?
The physical methods to control microorganisms involve heat, filtration or radiations. Figure illustrates these methods. Temperature influences microorganisms by altering their enzyme systems. Low temperature, you may recall studying in the theory Course, inactivates the enzymes while high temperature destroys them. Heat is commonly employed for controlling microorganisms. Both moist heat and dry heat can be used for this purpose. Moist heat results in coagulation of proteins and degrades nucleic acid and may even disrupt cell membrane.
Moist heat has more penetrability than dry heat and kills the cells more rapidly that too at a lower temperature. Microbes exhibit difference in their resistance to moist heat. Generally, bacterial spores require temperature above 100°C for destruction. Moist heat can either sterilize or disinfect the object depending upon the temperature employed. Moist heat can be used either
(1) at temperature <100° C (pasteurization-used to remove pathogens),
(2) as free flowing steam at 100° C (by boiling or tyndallisation) or
(3) by saturated steam under pressure (autoclaving).
A restriction map of plasmid and a human gene of identified sequence is demonstrated below. Your job is to clone the human liver cDNA for that gene than the start codon is closer t
Eucaryotic cell structure All eucaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton made up of a network of protein filaments (Figure shown below). This network gives the cell its shape, capac
Zoochory - Dispersal of Seeds Some fruits are eaten by animals and the seeds are passed out with the excreta (endozoochory). Plums, Lantana, grapes, figs and guava are example
Explain about Suspensions Sol is a colloidal system, in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid. When the particles of a solid are separated into large aggregates of pa
Consider a simple spherical model cell that consists of cytoplasm and a plasma membrane. The cell's initial volume is 2 nL and contains 0.2 M protein. The cell is placed in a la
Rh-factor It is one of the factor associated with blood. In addition to ‘A', ‘B', ‘AB' and ‘O' groups, Rh factor test is also done in the blood. People having Rh factor a
What is the Importance of vitamin B 6 In the human and animal organisms, vitamin B 6 acts in the form of pyridoxal. In the form of 5'-orthophosphate (Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate),
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Preparation on the Previous Day of Operation Remove all the jewellery, nail polish, cut nails. The patient's body is cleaned - shaving from chin to toe, inclu
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