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Explain the Physical Methods to Control Microorganisms?
The physical methods to control microorganisms involve heat, filtration or radiations. Figure illustrates these methods. Temperature influences microorganisms by altering their enzyme systems. Low temperature, you may recall studying in the theory Course, inactivates the enzymes while high temperature destroys them. Heat is commonly employed for controlling microorganisms. Both moist heat and dry heat can be used for this purpose. Moist heat results in coagulation of proteins and degrades nucleic acid and may even disrupt cell membrane.
Moist heat has more penetrability than dry heat and kills the cells more rapidly that too at a lower temperature. Microbes exhibit difference in their resistance to moist heat. Generally, bacterial spores require temperature above 100°C for destruction. Moist heat can either sterilize or disinfect the object depending upon the temperature employed. Moist heat can be used either
(1) at temperature <100° C (pasteurization-used to remove pathogens),
(2) as free flowing steam at 100° C (by boiling or tyndallisation) or
(3) by saturated steam under pressure (autoclaving).
Fracture - It is a break of a bone. Bone fracture are of many types - (i) Green stick fracture - It is merely a crack, the bone remains partly intact. (ii ) Sim
List a few applications of starches in the food industry. A few applications of starches in the foods industry include thickener, a fat sparing agent, adhesive, binder,
Calculate the pH - microbial survival and growth? Presence of microorganisms also depends on the pH of the medium. Most bacteria grow optimally near neutral pH (optimum 6.5 - 7
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Define Incision - Endodontic Surgery Incisions are accomplished by using one of four scalpel blades: No. 11, No. 12, No. 15, and No. 15-C Horizontal incision should be m
what is the structure of hiv virus?
Buccal Perforations Buccal concavities in the bone can result in some threads of the implant being exposed. Where these are very circumscribed and covered with thick and well-
my homework is asking me to find the four possible gametes for two parents using their genotypes. How do i do that???? would I use the F.O.I.L. method?
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Explain about the Bioavailability of Minerals? Polyphenols can form complexes with metal cations through their carboxylic or hydroxylic groups, and thus interfere with the inte
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