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Explain the Physical Methods to Control Microorganisms?
The physical methods to control microorganisms involve heat, filtration or radiations. Figure illustrates these methods. Temperature influences microorganisms by altering their enzyme systems. Low temperature, you may recall studying in the theory Course, inactivates the enzymes while high temperature destroys them. Heat is commonly employed for controlling microorganisms. Both moist heat and dry heat can be used for this purpose. Moist heat results in coagulation of proteins and degrades nucleic acid and may even disrupt cell membrane.
Moist heat has more penetrability than dry heat and kills the cells more rapidly that too at a lower temperature. Microbes exhibit difference in their resistance to moist heat. Generally, bacterial spores require temperature above 100°C for destruction. Moist heat can either sterilize or disinfect the object depending upon the temperature employed. Moist heat can be used either
(1) at temperature <100° C (pasteurization-used to remove pathogens),
(2) as free flowing steam at 100° C (by boiling or tyndallisation) or
(3) by saturated steam under pressure (autoclaving).
Bone Surfaces: There are four major bone surfaces: 1) Periosteal (outer surface of all bones) 2) Endosteal (inner surface of cortical bone) 3) Haversian (inner surface o
Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioidomycosis is a soil-borne infection of pet, domestic, wild animals and man. The disease is caused by Coccidioides immitis, a dimorphic fungus wh
Your patient has a respiratory disease that has literally paralyzed the cilia. Explain why this patient would be at an increased risk for a respiratory infection.
SIMPL E EPITHELIA (UNILAYERED EPITHELIA) - 1 . SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (PAVEMENT EPITHELIUM) - It is composed of large flat cells whose edges fit closely toge
Which term is used to describe an animal which limits its activity to periods of dim light at dawn and dusk? a) Diurnal (pron: die-ER-nal) b) Vesperal (pron: VESS-per-al)
Explain the Peptones - Complex Media? Peptones are protein hydrolysates obtained by partial digestion of meat, casein, soya meal, gelatin or other protein source. These provide
Viridans Streptococci These streptococci, which cause 30 to 65 per cent of NVE case unrelated to drug abuse, are normal inhabitants of the oropharynx, characteristically produce
Explain the Diet and Feeding Patterns of infants? In this section, we will learn about diet and feeding patterns of infants and the pre- schoolers. The discussion has been sub-
Q. How does the body defend itself from microorganisms and other harmful substances that enter the airway during the breathing process? The epithelium of the airway is a ciliat
disadvanatge of protozoa
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