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Explain the Physical Methods to Control Microorganisms?
The physical methods to control microorganisms involve heat, filtration or radiations. Figure illustrates these methods. Temperature influences microorganisms by altering their enzyme systems. Low temperature, you may recall studying in the theory Course, inactivates the enzymes while high temperature destroys them. Heat is commonly employed for controlling microorganisms. Both moist heat and dry heat can be used for this purpose. Moist heat results in coagulation of proteins and degrades nucleic acid and may even disrupt cell membrane.
Moist heat has more penetrability than dry heat and kills the cells more rapidly that too at a lower temperature. Microbes exhibit difference in their resistance to moist heat. Generally, bacterial spores require temperature above 100°C for destruction. Moist heat can either sterilize or disinfect the object depending upon the temperature employed. Moist heat can be used either
(1) at temperature <100° C (pasteurization-used to remove pathogens),
(2) as free flowing steam at 100° C (by boiling or tyndallisation) or
(3) by saturated steam under pressure (autoclaving).
Choose one property of water and explain why that property is important to life.
Urine Normal urine is clear, yellow in colour, slightly acidic. Urine consists of 96% water and 4% solids like urea, uric acid, urates, chlorides, phosphates, oxalates, sulphat
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Define Sample Titration for Estimation of Vitamin c in Lemon Juice? Cut the lemon into two halves with a stainless steel knife. Remove the seeds. Squeeze the juice from half a
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Carrier ions like Na+ facilitate the absorption of substances like: 1. amino acids and glucose 2. glucose and fatty acids 3. fatty acids and glycerol 4. fructose and so
South Dakota and Oregon are at similar latitudes, and yet, on average, Oregon has warmer winters and cooler summers than South Dakota does. What property of water helps account for
what is homeostasis and how does it happen
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