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Lock Based Protocol
A lock is nothing but a mechanism that tells the DBMS whether a particular data item is being used by any transaction for read/write purpose. As there are two types of operations, i.e. read and write, whose basic nature are dissimilar, the locks for read and write operation might be behave differently.
Read operation performed by dissimilar transactions on the same data item poses less of a challenge. The value of the data item, if constant, can be read by any number of transactions at any given time.
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
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Let consider the given partial relation EMP. Let us make some sub-queries for them EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO 7566
Log based recovery: Let us first describe the term transaction log in the context of DBMS. A transaction log is a record in DBMS that remains track of all the transactions of a dat
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An ideal data dictionary should have everything a DBA wants to know about the database. 1 Conceptual, External, and internal database descriptions. 2. Descriptions of attr
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