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Lock Based Protocol
A lock is nothing but a mechanism that tells the DBMS whether a particular data item is being used by any transaction for read/write purpose. As there are two types of operations, i.e. read and write, whose basic nature are dissimilar, the locks for read and write operation might be behave differently.
Read operation performed by dissimilar transactions on the same data item poses less of a challenge. The value of the data item, if constant, can be read by any number of transactions at any given time.
What Is Recovery? During the life of a transaction, i.e., a after the start of a transaction but before the transaction commits, various changes may be made in a database state
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
Explain mechanism of nested queries? SQL gives a mechanism for nesting subqueries. A subquery is a select from where expression that is nested within one more query. A common u
Problem: (a) Given the following relation: Stats(Name,Sex,Children, Occupation, Salary, Tax, Audits) Write SQL code to define the following security constraints: (i) User
what is attribute is attribute inheritance in dbms?
Define multivalued dependency and 4NF. Ans: Multivalued Dependency - Assume R be a relation schema and let α ⊆ R and β ⊆ R. The multivalued dependency α →→β holds o
What is relationship instance ? Relationship Instance - A relationship is a relation between two or more entities. An instance of relationship set is a set of relationships.
What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses? Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the data
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
external and internal mapping with examples
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