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Lock Based Protocol
A lock is nothing but a mechanism that tells the DBMS whether a particular data item is being used by any transaction for read/write purpose. As there are two types of operations, i.e. read and write, whose basic nature are dissimilar, the locks for read and write operation might be behave differently.
Read operation performed by dissimilar transactions on the same data item poses less of a challenge. The value of the data item, if constant, can be read by any number of transactions at any given time.
What are stored and derived attributes? Stored attributes: The attributes keeps in a data base are known as stored attributes. Derived attributes: The attributes that are de
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
What is recovery management component? Ensuring durability is the responsibility of a software component of the base system known as the recovery management component.
Define the basic operations of the relational algebra? Ans: Basic operators of relational algebra are: 1. Union (∪) - Selects tuples which are in either P or Q or in bot
Differentiate sub-class and super-class? The specialization of a class is known as subclasses.eg: employee is a subclass of person and teller is a subclass of employee. Convers
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the
Differentiate between a unique key and a primary key. - By default, clustered index on column are created by primary key while nonclustered index are created by unique key.
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
Question 1 Discuss about second normal form and third normal form Question 2 Write short note on 1) Data Manipulation Language 2) Data Definition La
Briefly explain each of the following database terms. Use no more than 2-3 lines for each term. 1. DBMS 2. Update Anomaly 3. Alias (referring to tables in SQL queries)
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