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Lock Based Protocol
A lock is nothing but a mechanism that tells the DBMS whether a particular data item is being used by any transaction for read/write purpose. As there are two types of operations, i.e. read and write, whose basic nature are dissimilar, the locks for read and write operation might be behave differently.
Read operation performed by dissimilar transactions on the same data item poses less of a challenge. The value of the data item, if constant, can be read by any number of transactions at any given time.
List any two significant differences between a file processing system and a DBMS. File Processing System vs. DBMS Data Independence - Data independence is the capacity t
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
Creating views with Replace option : This option is used to alter the definition of the view without recreating and dropping it or regranting object privileges previously granted o
Update or Modify operation alters the existing values. If these operations alter the value that is the foreign key also, the only check need is the similar as that of the Insert op
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
Performance of Various Concurrency Control Mechanisms
#what is cursor its uses ? Explain it
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
Submit the SQL Statements necessary to create your database according to the following guidelines: Your SQL statements should exactly mirror your ERD. All primary keys,
Differance between Unordered and ordered file ? Unordered file do no has any sequence although ordered file has arranged in a few sequence and data are assigned in ordered form
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