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Lock Based Protocol
A lock is nothing but a mechanism that tells the DBMS whether a particular data item is being used by any transaction for read/write purpose. As there are two types of operations, i.e. read and write, whose basic nature are dissimilar, the locks for read and write operation might be behave differently.
Read operation performed by dissimilar transactions on the same data item poses less of a challenge. The value of the data item, if constant, can be read by any number of transactions at any given time.
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
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A B-tree of order how much children m has maximum ? m has maximum m mchildren in a B tree.
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