Explain the kidney function in human biology, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Kidney Function in human biology?

Blood first enters the capillaries in Bowman's capsule where it is filtered. The pores in the capillary walls allow water and small molecules to pass through, but are too small to allow red blood cells and large protein molecules to pass. The process by which material is filtered into Bowman's capsule is not very selective, and some of these substances that are of value to the body need to be reclaimed. Material filtered through the capillary walls into Bowman's capsule flows along the renal tubules. The process by which material is returned to the blood through the walls of the tubules is called tubular reabsorption.

Sodium, potassium, calcium, other minerals, and glucose are returned by active transport. These substances then enter the capillaries by diffusion. Water is returned by osmosis mostly in the proximal convoluted tubule, following the movement of glucose. There is additional reabsorption of salts and nutrients from the distal convoluted tubule, but this section of tubule also removes wastes and other substances not originally filtered out by Bowman's capsule through a process called tubular secretion. The pH of the blood is adjusted by the secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate. Potassium ions, ammonia, and certain drugs are eliminated by secretion from the distal convoluted tubules.

The loops of Henle function to concentrate the filtrate by establishing an osmotic gradient in the extracellular fluid around the loops that will later pull water from the collecting ducts. The ascending limb of the loop pumps NaCl out by active transport, but the ions cannot diffuse back in because this portion of the loop is impermeable to water. Salts can diffuse into the descending limb, but these are pumped out again when they reach the ascending loop, increasing the extracellular ionic concentration. When the filtrate reaches the collecting ducts, its osmotic concentration is much lower than the extracellular fluid of the medulla, so it loses water by osmosis and becomes more concentrated. As much as 99% of the water that goes through the tubules and collecting ducts is returned to the blood.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain the kidney function in human biology

Define factorial method to calculate nitrogen requirements, Define Factoria...

Define Factorial method to Calculate Nitrogen Requirements? The nitrogen requirements have been calculated by a factorial method suggested by different expert groups, described

What is root cap, What is root cap? Root cap is a protective structure ...

What is root cap? Root cap is a protective structure located in the tip of the growing root. It defends the meristematic tissue of the root forming a cap that surrounds the tip

Dilute this concentration of cells to yield 300 cells, For a particular ass...

For a particular assay, you require cells at a concentration of 300 cells per ml. In your flask of cells growing you counted a sample using a hemacytometer and found that you have

What is a community, What is a community? What is the difference between th...

What is a community? What is the difference between the concepts of community and population? A community is a set of populations of living beings that live in the similar regi

Define the clinical success for the root canal treatment, Define the Clinic...

Define the Clinical success for the Root Canal Treatment a) Absence of pain and swelling. b) Disappearance of sinus tract. c) No evidence of soft tissue destruction, incl

Puberty, how does the hypothalamus begin puberty

how does the hypothalamus begin puberty

Describe about mixed type of ta pvc, Describe about Mixed Type of TA PVC ? ...

Describe about Mixed Type of TA PVC ? Management depends upon the type of TAPVC and could be very challenging. However the basic principle is to get all the pulmonary veins to

Which type neurons work for spinal arch reflex, Q. Which are the kinds of n...

Q. Which are the kinds of neurons that participate in the spinal arch reflex? Where are their cell bodies situated? In the arch reflex first a sensory neuron located in the gan

Hypodermic-subcutaneous injection , Hypodermic-Subcutaneous Injection ...

Hypodermic-Subcutaneous Injection By this route the drug is mainly absorbed into the blood stream by way of the lymphatic drainage. Absorption is slower by this route

#title.ehr, Why have biologists and bioinformaticians embraced the Web as a...

Why have biologists and bioinformaticians embraced the Web as a vehicle for disseminating data so quickly, whereas clinicians and clinical informaticians have been more hesitant to

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd