Explain the kidney function in human biology, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Kidney Function in human biology?

Blood first enters the capillaries in Bowman's capsule where it is filtered. The pores in the capillary walls allow water and small molecules to pass through, but are too small to allow red blood cells and large protein molecules to pass. The process by which material is filtered into Bowman's capsule is not very selective, and some of these substances that are of value to the body need to be reclaimed. Material filtered through the capillary walls into Bowman's capsule flows along the renal tubules. The process by which material is returned to the blood through the walls of the tubules is called tubular reabsorption.

Sodium, potassium, calcium, other minerals, and glucose are returned by active transport. These substances then enter the capillaries by diffusion. Water is returned by osmosis mostly in the proximal convoluted tubule, following the movement of glucose. There is additional reabsorption of salts and nutrients from the distal convoluted tubule, but this section of tubule also removes wastes and other substances not originally filtered out by Bowman's capsule through a process called tubular secretion. The pH of the blood is adjusted by the secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate. Potassium ions, ammonia, and certain drugs are eliminated by secretion from the distal convoluted tubules.

The loops of Henle function to concentrate the filtrate by establishing an osmotic gradient in the extracellular fluid around the loops that will later pull water from the collecting ducts. The ascending limb of the loop pumps NaCl out by active transport, but the ions cannot diffuse back in because this portion of the loop is impermeable to water. Salts can diffuse into the descending limb, but these are pumped out again when they reach the ascending loop, increasing the extracellular ionic concentration. When the filtrate reaches the collecting ducts, its osmotic concentration is much lower than the extracellular fluid of the medulla, so it loses water by osmosis and becomes more concentrated. As much as 99% of the water that goes through the tubules and collecting ducts is returned to the blood.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain the kidney function in human biology

Explain arterial continuous mummer, Explain arterial continuous mummer? ...

Explain arterial continuous mummer? Arterial Continuous Mummer : These originate in constricted arteries as in carotid or femoral artery obstruction (Mummer are louder in sys

What is the importance of vitamin k, What is the Importance of Vitamin K ...

What is the Importance of Vitamin K The site of action of vitamin K activity is the highly complex mechanism of blood coagulation. Due to its effect on prothrombin, vitamin K i

Of which type of defense cell do worm infections, Of which type of defense ...

Of which type of defense cell do worm infections stimulate the multiplication? The major leukocytes that generally multiply and participate in the defense against worm infectio

Accidents in industry workplace, Accidents in Industry Workplace It is...

Accidents in Industry Workplace It is a hard fact to bear in mind that accidents in industry workplace are to be avoided or discarded and efforts in this direction has been in

Auxins, Auxins Auxins are plant growth substances. The term Auxin us...

Auxins Auxins are plant growth substances. The term Auxin usually refers to a chemical compound called Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), which is the major natural auxin. In plan

What is the plant hormone remarkable for stimulating, What is the plant hor...

What is the plant hormone remarkable for stimulating flowering and fruit ripening? What are the uses and practical inconveniences of that hormone? The plant hormone notable for

What are plasmids, What are plasmids? What is the importance of plasmids fo...

What are plasmids? What is the importance of plasmids for the recombinant DNA technology? Plasmids are circular fragments of DNA that are accessories to the major bacterial DNA

Explain about treatment and management of dyslipidemia, Q. Explain about Tr...

Q. Explain about Treatment and Management of Dyslipidemia? Maintenance of blood lipids within the normal range is the most essential objective to prevent the onset/progression

What is the function of the yolk sac, Q. How is the yolk sac formed? What i...

Q. How is the yolk sac formed? What is the function of the yolk sac? The yolk sac is formed from the covering of the vitellus by few cells originated from the primitive gut.

Agro industrial-soaking, Soaking Soaking is an another inexpensive proc...

Soaking Soaking is an another inexpensive processing method, which does not require much technical know how, is commonly practiced for improving the palatability of chaffed cro

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd