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Explain the Kidney Function in human biology?
Blood first enters the capillaries in Bowman's capsule where it is filtered. The pores in the capillary walls allow water and small molecules to pass through, but are too small to allow red blood cells and large protein molecules to pass. The process by which material is filtered into Bowman's capsule is not very selective, and some of these substances that are of value to the body need to be reclaimed. Material filtered through the capillary walls into Bowman's capsule flows along the renal tubules. The process by which material is returned to the blood through the walls of the tubules is called tubular reabsorption.
Sodium, potassium, calcium, other minerals, and glucose are returned by active transport. These substances then enter the capillaries by diffusion. Water is returned by osmosis mostly in the proximal convoluted tubule, following the movement of glucose. There is additional reabsorption of salts and nutrients from the distal convoluted tubule, but this section of tubule also removes wastes and other substances not originally filtered out by Bowman's capsule through a process called tubular secretion. The pH of the blood is adjusted by the secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate. Potassium ions, ammonia, and certain drugs are eliminated by secretion from the distal convoluted tubules.
The loops of Henle function to concentrate the filtrate by establishing an osmotic gradient in the extracellular fluid around the loops that will later pull water from the collecting ducts. The ascending limb of the loop pumps NaCl out by active transport, but the ions cannot diffuse back in because this portion of the loop is impermeable to water. Salts can diffuse into the descending limb, but these are pumped out again when they reach the ascending loop, increasing the extracellular ionic concentration. When the filtrate reaches the collecting ducts, its osmotic concentration is much lower than the extracellular fluid of the medulla, so it loses water by osmosis and becomes more concentrated. As much as 99% of the water that goes through the tubules and collecting ducts is returned to the blood.
The measurement of blood sugar is of prime importance in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with diabetes. You can refer sub-section 1.5.2 of Unit 1 to review about Glucose T
What are sori? The word "sori" is the plural form of "sorus". In ferns, a sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In lots of spe
Phototropic curvature is the result of uneven distribution of : 1. Gibberellin 2. Phytochrome 3. Cytokinins 4. Auxin Auxin
Q. Can you explain Coronary Angioplasty? The concept of coronary angioplasty - enlargement of the lumen of a stenotic vessel by a catheter technique was first proposed by Dotte
Could any of the following features be useful in a gateway vector; (i) Origin of replication (ii) multiple cloning site (iii) blue/white selection (iv) M13 forward and rev
Types of Glials Cells and their Functions In the nervous tissue, besides the nerve cells there is one other cell type -the neuroglia which is present in large numbers and occu
Define Milk as a rich source of protein? A value of 3.5% protein is often considered as an average for milk. Milk protein has traditionally been divided into 2 classes - casein
Studying a single rock Select a single rock and try to learn as more as possible about it from careful observation. If it is flat, it is probably a piece or layer from Sediment
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What is the molecular formula of glucose? How can its structural formula be described? The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. Structurally glucose is a hexagonal ring
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