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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
Give an example of Object Representation For illustration, consider the implementation of a social security number within an employee object that is shown in Figure. The soci
What is the aim of logical schema ? The main motive of the logical schema is to ensure the portability of procedures and models on various physical schemas at runtime.
Strong entity set and weak entity set? Strong entity set and weak entity set: A strong entity set has a primary key. All tuples in the set are distinguishable through that key.
Deadlock And Its Prevention: As seen earlier, though two phase locking protocol handles the trouble of serialisability, but it causes some troubles also. For instance, consider th
These are designed to reduce the effects of a database failure and make sure a database is restored to a consistent state if a failure does arise. Manual backup/restore utilities n
What is Cardinality Ratio? Cardinality Ratios - The cardinality ratios for relationship kinds specifies the maximum number of relationship instances in which an entity can pa
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What are shortcomings in structured approach? Structured methodology treats data and their behaviours separately, and this makes it harder to isolate changes. If changes are re
Define Direct file organization? The direct file organization is employed to enhance the performance in accessing the records than sequential file organization. In direct file
What is a homogeneous distributed database? In homogeneous distributed databases, all sites have the same database management system software, are aware of one another, and agr
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