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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
Explain What is Relation? A database relation is a predefined row or column format for storing information in a relational database. Relations are equal to tables.
Define the basic operations of the relational algebra? Ans: Basic operators of relational algebra are: 1. Union (∪) - Selects tuples which are in either P or Q or in bot
Differentiate between natural join and outer join? Natural join is a binary operator which is written as (R * S) where as R and S are relations. The output of the natural join
What is relationship? Give examples A relationship is an association between several entities. Example: A depositor relationship associates a customer with every account tha
Northwind Pty Ltd sells a variety of food products throughout the world. They want to use the reporting features of SAP''s Business Information Warehouse to better understand thei
Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach? In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. In
Lock Based Protocol A lock is nothing but a mechanism that tells the DBMS whether a particular data item is being used by any transaction for read/write purpose. As there are t
Can we delete data element, which is being used by table fields. No we cant delete data element.
List the data structures implemented by the storage manager. The storage manager executes the following data structure a) Data files b) Data dictionary c) indices
Relational and E-R Model There are three types of constraints on relational database that have: DOMAIN CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
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