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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
What is D command work in the respect of QBE? D: It is the command inside QBE to delete tuple(s) from the relation.
example of bank
Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types. Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read it
What is meant by functional dependencies? Consider a relation schema R and α C R and β C R. The functional dependency α ->β holds on relational schema R if in any legal relati
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
Define- relational algebra. The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relati
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
Mixed fragmentation: Sometimes, horizontal fragmentation or vertical fragmentation of a database schema by itself is insufficient to sufficiently distribute the data for some appli
What is B-Tree? A B-tree eliminates the redundant storage of search-key values .It permits search key values to appear only once.
explain concept of decomposition?
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