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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
What is a transaction ? The Transaction is a unit of data processing. For instance, many of the transactions at a bank may be withdrawal or deposit of money; transfer of money f
Consider the following relations: S (S#, SNAME, STATUS, CITY) SP (S#, P#, QTY) P (P#, PNAME, COLOR, WEIGHT, CITY) Give an expression within SQL for each of queries b
What are the types of reference?explain it with suitable examples? Object oriented language given the ability to refer the object attribute of the type can be referred to the s
What is DAG? The class-subclass relationship is shown by a directed acyclic graph.eg: employees can be temporary or permanent. We might be create subclasses temporary \and perm
Durability : This property necessitates that once a transaction has committed, the changes made by it be never lost because of subsequent failure. Thus, a transaction is also a bas
Evaluate, compare and contrast the two methods of relational database design namely top down method and Bottom up method. What will be your choice if you are asked to select a meth
Write short notes on tuple relational calculus. The tuple relational calculation is anon procedural query language. It defines the desired information without giving a particul
Use of partial data by applications : In common, applications work with views rather than whole relations. Thus, it may be more appropriate to work with subsets of relations rather
Use Delegation to Share Implementation The delegation " Delegation comprises of catching an operation on one object and sending it to other object which is part, or related to
each publisher has uniqe name a mial addrs are also kept on each pubisher.a publisher publish one book.a book publish y one publisher.book identified by isbn.each book writn by one
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