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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each. Is the combination 'Not Null, Primary Key' a valid combination. Justify. Not Null - Shou
Write A short note on temporary tables? Temporary Tables - Temporary tables exists solely for a particular session, or whose data persists for the duration of the transaction
Benefits of heap files 1. This is a easy file Organisation method. 2. Insertion is somehow capable. 3. Good for bulk-loading data into a table. 4. Best if file
Describe the four main ways of optimising disk block access. Ans: a. Disk b. Non-volatile writes buffers c. File organization (Clustering) d. Log-based file system
Order by clause By using this rows can be sorted It is used in the last portion of select statement By default it gets ascending order DESC: is used
Removing a Synonym: DROP SYNONYM D30;
Write short notes on transaction state? A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted A transaction must be in o
Chapter 10a review questions
Discuss deferred update technique of recovery. What are the advantages? Ans: The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transact
In E-R diagram how generalization is represented? in E-R diagram generalization is represented by Triangle shape.
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