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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
For every multivalued attribute 'A', we make a new relation R that contains an attribute corresponding to plus the primary key attribute k of the relation that shows the entity typ
Synonyms It allows short names or alternative names for objects. Example : CREATE SYNONYM D30 FOR EMPD30; Now if we give command:
Define Sequence A sequence is a set of integers 1, 2, 3 that are generated in order on demand. Sequences are regularly used in databases because lots of applications require ev
er diagtram for icici
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
Whst is logical schema ? Logical schema is the entire database.
What is a view? How it is related to data independence? A view might be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is inste
Explain Interblock gap? Interblock Gap - A track of a disk is separated into equal-sized disk blocks. Blocks are separated through fixed-size gaps, called as interblock gaps th
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