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Problem:
(a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram.
(b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems.
(c) To address the issue of data independence, the SPARC/ANSI three level architecture was proposed. Compare and contrast the three levels of the model.
(d) Explain briefly the parts of the Relational Model.
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
1. Which relational algebra operations do not need the participating tables to be union-compatible? Ans: Join is the relational algebra operations that do not need the particip
Multi-Key File Organisation In this part, we will introduce two basic file Organisation schemes that permit records to be accessed by more than one key field, therefore, allowi
Write short notes on transaction state? A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted A transaction must be in o
With the help of a diagram defines the typical element modules of a DBMS? The functional elements of a database system can be widely divided into: 1) Storage manager and 2) q
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
Problem 1. Write an assembly program to find the smallest among two numbers Writing an assembly program to find the smallest among two numbers 2. Explain the intern
Write short notes on relational constraints? Relational Constraints are: 1. NOT NULL 2. Unique 3. Primary key 4. Foreign key 5. Table check
Explain the EXISTS and UNIQUE functions of SQL. Give an example for each? EXISTS: The EXISTS function takes one parameter that is a SQL statement. If any records exist which
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
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