Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Explain the Functions of Folate?Folate, also known as folic acid, is essential for good health. Folate requiring reactions include those involved in phases of amino acid metabolism, DNA (purine and pyrimidine) biosynthesis and the formation of the primary methylating agent, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as shown in Figure. Folate is involved in the de novo synthesis of purines (adenine and guanine), requiring the folate form, 10-formyl tetrahydro folic acid (THF), which is produced from 5, 10-methylene THF reactions catalyzed by the enzyme THF synthetase. The 510- methylene THF molecule has several fates, one of which is the reconversion to 5- methyl THF, catalyzed by methylene tetra hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Thus, folate in its reduced and polyglutamylated forms is essential for the DNA biosynthesis cycle, as shown in Figure. This conversion (5, 10-methylene THF molecule reconversion to 5-methyl THF) forms methionine from homocysteine. Folate, specially helps in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke by lowering the level of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood (by forming methionine). At high levels, homocysteine can damage coronary arteries or make it easier for blood clotting cells to clump together and form a clot. This can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. This methylation reaction (refer to Figure) requires the enzyme methionine synthase, cobalamin (vitamin BIZ) and 5-methyl THF. A methyl group is removed from 5 methyl THF and is sequentially transferred first to cobalamin coenzyme and then to homocysteine forming methionine and reconverting 5-methyl THF to tetrahydrofolate (THF). The dependency of methionine synthase on both folate and cobalamin explains why a single deficiency of either vitamin leads to the same megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow and other tissues, with rapidly dividing cells. Alternatively 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate can be channelled to the methylation cycle (refer to Figure). This cycle has two functions. It ensures that the cell always has an adequate supply of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), an activated form of methionine which acts as a methyl donor to a wide range of methyltransferases. The methyltransferases methylate a wide range of substrates including lipids, hormones, DNA and proteins. One particularly important methylation is that of myelin basic protein, which acts as insulation for nerve cells. When the methylation cycle is interrupted, as it is during vitamin BIZ deficiency, one of the clinical consequences is the demyelination of nerve cells resulting in a neuropathy which leads to ataxia (lack of coordination), paralysis, and, if untreated, ultimately death. Other important methyltransferase enzymes down-regulate DNA and suppress cell division.
Define the Roller Drying (Drum drying) Method? One of the important techniques for drying liquid food products is the roller drier. Like spray drying, roller drying can only be
During final stage of cell division, mitotic apparatus disappears, chromosomes become attenuated, centrioles duplicate and split, nuclear membrane becomes reconstituted and nucleol
TRISACCHARIDES The oligosaccharides are made of three monosaccharide residues. A common trisaccharides is Raffinose which is formed by condensation of galactose-glucose-fr
function of epithelial tissue
Question 1 Discuss how you would perform mounting of stained sections. List commonly used mounting media in histopathology laboratory. Add a note on advantages and disadvantages o
Illustrate about the primary minerals The minerals originally formed when once -heated magma (molten rock) cooled and formed solid igneous rocks (explained below) are called as
Explain the term Ageing? Ageing in human being is of a multifunctional origin and there is a programmed senescence (ageing) of the cells in the body. The genetic make-up of an
How will the urine concentration be affected if the henle''s loop of a person is removed and his PCT is joined directly with DCT?
Problem 1: Describe the functions of: a. Glutathione transferases b. Sulfotransferases. -Describe the functions of: a. Glutathione transferases Describe the functions of
Define Mobilization of bone calcium and phosphorous? It is now firmly established that vitamin D 3 is metabloized first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH- D) (calcicl
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd