Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

What is dyspepsia, Q. What is Dyspepsia? Dyspepsia is the most frequent...

Q. What is Dyspepsia? Dyspepsia is the most frequent disorder which we all experience some time or the other. Dyspepsia is the term given to a group of gastrointestinal symptom

Explain the reduction in free radical generation - vitamin e, Explain the R...

Explain the Reduction in free radical generation - Vitamin E? 1) Reduction in free radical generation: Vitamin E acts synergistically with selenium thereby reducing susceptibil

Define the hydrogen ion concentration in red blood cells, Which of the foll...

Which of the following processes help bring oxygen to the body cells that are in a leg? A. Net flux of oxygen from blood plasma into red blood cells in the body capillaries in

Cockroach heart, How last chamber of heart in cockroach receives blood with...

How last chamber of heart in cockroach receives blood without having ostia?

What are the antigen-respective antibodies abo blood group, What are the an...

What are the antigens and the respective antibodies of the ABO blood group system? The ABO blood system contain the erythrocytic antigens A and B that can be attacked by the an

Explain why this drug would eventualy kill a person, Dinitrophenol, DNP, wa...

Dinitrophenol, DNP, was prescribed in low doses in the 1940's to help obese patients lose weight. It's use for this purpose was discontinued when several users died. DNP makes the

How the sodium-potassium pump present in the cell membrane, How does the so...

How does the sodium-potassium pump present in the cell membrane work? What is the importance of this protein for the cell? The sodium-potassium pump is the transport protein th

What is composition, What is Composition? Blood consists of red blood c...

What is Composition? Blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, suspended in a straw-colored liquid called plasma. If whole blood is centrifuged, abou

Ganglia - organisation of nervous system, Ganglia - Organisation of Nervous...

Ganglia - Organisation of Nervous System In between higher non-chordates with a central nervous system, you will observe that the association neurons and motor neurons are con

Effects of long term malnutrition on adults, Effects of long term malnutrit...

Effects of long term malnutrition on adults In adults, once the stored carbohydrates and fats are used up, the body starts using proteins to generate energy. These protei

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd