Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Explain enfuvirtide, Explain Enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide is the first fusio...

Explain Enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide is the first fusion inhibitor approved by the FDA for treatment of HIV infection and is indicated for treatment-experienced patients with ongoin

How stomata position changes in some plant, How has the position of the sto...

How has the position of the stomata changed in some plants to prevent excessive water loss by transpiration? In the some plants that have leaves that receive too much sunlight

Tissue organization and specialized organs, Q. Do plants have tissue organi...

Q. Do plants have tissue organization and specialized organs? Plants have specialized organs (like roots, limbs, reproductive organs, leaves) and differentiated tissues (suppor

Synthesis of soluble proteins on the surface of lens, How is synthesis of s...

How is synthesis of soluble proteins taking equatorial part on the surface of lens? Synthesis of soluble proteins taking equatorial part on the surface of lens as follows: 1

Define ecosystems science and large-scale ecology, Define Ecosystems scienc...

Define Ecosystems science and large-scale ecology? Many of today's most pressing problems are regional or global in nature including for instance, the effects of land cover and

Population dispersal, Population Dispersal Population dispersal i...

Population Dispersal Population dispersal is the movement of individuals into or out of the population or the population area. It occurs in three following ways in a popu

What is the structure of the adult fern, What is the structure of the adult...

What is the structure of the adult fern within which cells undergoing meiosis can be found? In these plants meiosis takes place within structures known as sorus (plural, sori),

Animal cells, how to explain the structure and function of the organelle

how to explain the structure and function of the organelle

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd