Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Define oxidised starch, Oxidised starch Oxidised starch finds a number ...

Oxidised starch Oxidised starch finds a number of uses in the food industry where a neutral tasting, low viscosity 'body builder' is required as in lemon curd manufacture, in s

Gluconeogenesis, Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the procedure throu...

Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the procedure through that glucose is synthesized from smaller easier molecules such as lactate and pyruvate. Although the catabolic linear p

Mention causes of implant failure, Mention causes of implant failure due to...

Mention causes of implant failure due to improper implant selection. Implant selection errors : a) Improper implant type in improper bone type. b) Improper length, width

Criticism of lamarckism, point out the criticism of lamarckism in any six s...

point out the criticism of lamarckism in any six short points.

What is the significance of water for enzymatic activity, Q. What is the si...

Q. What is the significance of water for enzymatic activity? Enzymes, Biological catalysts, depend on water to reach their substrates and bind to them. There is no enzymatic ac

Define reaction of fehling solution with lactose, Define Reaction of Fehlin...

Define Reaction of Fehling solution with lactose? After complete reduction of cupric ions, the indicator is reduced by lactose to a leuco compound, restoring the red colour of

What is harmonious ecological interaction, Q. What is inharmonious ecologic...

Q. What is inharmonious ecological interaction? The negative or Inharmonious ecological interaction is that in which at least one of the participating beings is harmed. Q.

Verify where recombination happens along a chromosome, In a follow up to Al...

In a follow up to Alfred Sturtevant's studies on recombination in the fruit fly, Seymour Benzer used complementation studies of bacteriophage mutants to verify where recombination

Explain the compartments of body water, Explain the Compartments of Body Wa...

Explain the Compartments of Body Water? Within the body, water is found in two major compartments. These are: - The intracellular compartment (inside the cell) - The extr

How does the hypophysis-corpus luteum negative feedback work, How does the ...

How does the hypophysis-corpus luteum negative feedback work? What is the name given to the atrophied corpus luteum after this feedback process? After ovulation the estrogen an

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd