Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Growth phase -stages in spermatogenesis, Growth Phase -Stages in spermatoge...

Growth Phase -Stages in spermatogenesis Growth phase is characterized by the acquisition of the structural and functional characteristics of distinct sex cells. Also here is a

Vasa diffrentia, VAS A DIFFRENTIA - Originate from wollfian duct ....

VAS A DIFFRENTIA - Originate from wollfian duct . It comes out fo cauda epdidymis enters into abdominal cavity through inguinal canal, forms loop round the uretor and j

Liquid fuels, Petroleum Liquid fuels are widely used for industrial and...

Petroleum Liquid fuels are widely used for industrial and domestic purposes. Almost all internal combustion engines run on liquid fuels. Liquid fuels are also used in heat gene

Define urinary excretion test - thiamin status, Define Urinary Excretion Te...

Define Urinary Excretion Test - Thiamin Status? The urinary excretion of thiamin is an index of recent dietary intake of the vitamin. Hence, determination of thiamin in urine s

Stereoisomers , Glyceraldehyde has a one asymmetric carbon atom the central...

Glyceraldehyde has a one asymmetric carbon atom the central one and so two stereoisomers  which is also known as optical isomers are possible, which is two forms of glyceraldehyde,

Why dairy or milk product are important for human body, Why Dairy or milk p...

Why Dairy or milk product are important for human body? This first food of mammals is rich in body-building proteins and bone-forming calcium, besides being the only source of

Water: An Essential for Life, What is the reason behind the high surface te...

What is the reason behind the high surface tension of water?

What is polymorphisum?, According to the chemistry concept the existence of...

According to the chemistry concept the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound is known as polymorphism

Advice on follow up for cardiac patients, Advice on Follow up The pa...

Advice on Follow up The patient should adhere to the follow-up schedule strictly. Generally, one week after discharge, then one month and then 3 to 6 months interval, the

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd