Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Hypothermia, Hypothermia As the blood passes through the oxygenato...

Hypothermia As the blood passes through the oxygenator, hypothermia machine allows the blood to cool to the required temperature. Generally, the temperature is brought dow

Unitary explanation for protein synthesis, Q. Why is the concept of a singl...

Q. Why is the concept of a single gene as ultimateunit of inheritance inadequate to provide a unitary explanation for protein synthesis, recombination and mutation? Answer:

Nature of disease, Q. Nature of disease? Education is very important fo...

Q. Nature of disease? Education is very important for diabetics because it is a lifelong disorder. In order to enable the patient to lead a healthy and a good quality Life free

Undergraduate thesis title, Hi,I am a graduating student from my course BS ...

Hi,I am a graduating student from my course BS in Biology major in Zoology. I was wondering if you guys have any great idea of a good thesis title?

Illustrate about the insulin and insulin syring, Insulin, insulin syringe ...

Insulin, insulin syringe and insulin devices Insulin is the hormone used to treat diabetes mellitus. Insulin is given in the form of injection, because the gastro intestinal tr

Excreation, what is the role of liver for the metabolism of carbohydrates

what is the role of liver for the metabolism of carbohydrates

Annelids, sanguivarous mode of feeding in annelida

sanguivarous mode of feeding in annelida

How many different types of pseudopods can amoebas have?, Tests of shelled ...

Tests of shelled amoebas are made from a variety of substances including sand grains, chitin and substrate, calcium salts, and even silica. These shells still accumulate in ocean d

Explain the associated procedure of reinforcement of patch, Explain the Ass...

Explain the Associated procedure of Reinforcement of Patch? Associated Procedures :  Coronary artery bypass grafting and repair of mitral valve are also carried out. P

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd