Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

What is the difference between phenotype and genotype, What is genotype? Wh...

What is genotype? What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? The Genotype is the genes, DNA nucleotide sequences contained in the chromosomes of an individual, whic

Explain the feeding process for preschoolers, Explain the Feeding process f...

Explain the Feeding process for Preschoolers? The word preschool children, you may be aware, is used for children less than six years of age. After the first year, there is a s

Nutrition support in elderly - parenteral, Define Nutrition Support in elde...

Define Nutrition Support in elderly - Parenteral, Enteral and Oral? Under nutrition either due to dietary deficit a due to a medical complication may arise in the elderly. The

How can we keep our brain healthy in older age, Is there anything I can do ...

Is there anything I can do to keep my brain healthy in older age? It is increasingly clear that how we live our lives on a daily basis strongly influences how well our brain ag

What are the major cellular features of fungi, Q. What are the major cellul...

Q. What are the major cellular features of fungi? There are pluricellular and unicellular fungi. All fungi are heterotrophs and eukaryotes. Fungi have cells with cell wall m

Medical surgical nursing, Medical Surgical Nursing: Medical Surgical N...

Medical Surgical Nursing: Medical Surgical Nursing refers to the  nursing care of adults who have  an actual or potential disorder of physiological functi~n.  The practice of

Calliphora vicina larvae grow at different rates, Calliphora vicinia l...

Calliphora vicinia larvae grow at different rates on different body tissues The problem which was approached in this experiment is to measure the growth rate of the

What are the glucagon receptors in the plasma membranes, Which of the follo...

Which of the following serves as an effector, or as part of an effector, that functions in a negative feedback system? A. Glucagon Receptors in the plasma membranes of alpha-is

Tolerance to cold and freezing temperatures, Normal 0 false f...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Johne’s disease, Johne’s disease The disease, discovered by Heinrich A....

Johne’s disease The disease, discovered by Heinrich A. Johne, a German bacteriologist and veterinarian, in 1905, is caused by a bacterium named Mycobacterium avium subspecies p

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd