Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Enumerate the various physical agents of sterilization, Q. Enumerate the va...

Q. Enumerate the various physical agents of sterilization, and list the advantages of moist heat in sterilization process Various physical agents of sterilization are Sun

Describe the general examination of clinical examination, Describe the gene...

Describe the general examination of clinical examination? It is always to better to ask the patient to help himself/herself in setting on to the examination table and rename so

Why the inflammatory response is considered a body, List specific reasons w...

List specific reasons why the inflammatory response is considered a body defense mechanism.

Show the circulatory system present in arthropods, Q. What is the kind of c...

Q. What is the kind of circulatory system present in arthropods? Do these animals have respiratory pigments and heart? In arthropods the respiratory system is open (lacunar). B

Golgi complex, GOLGI COMPLEX ( GOLGI APPARATUS = GOLGI BODY) The Nobel ...

GOLGI COMPLEX ( GOLGI APPARATUS = GOLGI BODY) The Nobel laureate, Camilla  Golgi (1898)  discovered  the  presence of a special,  small group  of interconnecting  membranous  s

Explain astrand cycle test, Explain Astrand Cycle Test? This is a sub m...

Explain Astrand Cycle Test? This is a sub maximal test done on cycle ergo meter. In this test, comparatively lower wattages are set. For example, for males less than 35 years o

Describe metabolic syndrome, Describe Metabolic Syndrome ? As discussed...

Describe Metabolic Syndrome ? As discussed, the risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidaeinia are very im

Explain the prokaryotic and eukaryotic core promoters, Which of the followi...

Which of the following is a false statement regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic core promoters? A. The core promoters of eukaryotic genes have more recognition elements for ge

Planeria, differnce between protonephridia and metanephridia

differnce between protonephridia and metanephridia

How to investigate aortic stenosis by roentgenogram, Q. How to investigate ...

Q. How to investigate aortic stenosis by Roentgenogram? Cardiac enlargement does not occur in pure compensated aortic stenosis. Post stenotic dilatation of aorta may be seen. F

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd