Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Determine the types of neuropsychology, Determine the types of neuropsychol...

Determine the types of neuropsychology The practise in neuropsychology is roughly divided into two approaches. Some practitioners use standard comprehensive neuropsychological

What is active site, What is Active site Active site : The site on  ...

What is Active site Active site : The site on  the surface of an enzyme to which  substrate or substrates bind.

Define etiology and clinical features of epilepsy, Define Etiology and Clin...

Define Etiology and Clinical Features of Epilepsy? This disorder usually starts in childhood, with the peak incidence between birth and two years. Etiological factors include

De vega annuloplasty, De Vega Annuloplasty :  Classic De Vega annulop...

De Vega Annuloplasty :  Classic De Vega annuloplasty is done using 2'0' double armed polyester suture with pledgets on either end. It starts with one of the needles passed fr

What structure replaces the graafian follicle, After ovulation:- (a) ...

After ovulation:- (a) what structure replaces the Graafian follicle (b) what hormone does it produce?   (a) After ovulation, the follicle is replaced by the cor

Drug management for gout disease, Q. Drug Management for gout disease? ...

Q. Drug Management for gout disease? Drugs are so effective in lowering the serum mate concentration that rigid restriction of dietary purines is rarely necessary. Uricosurie d

Explain the applications of vitamin B12, Explain the Applications of vitami...

Explain the Applications of vitamin B 12 Cyanocobalamin is used in the preparation of liquid and dry drug formulations of all kinds. In the animal feed industry, usually co

Importance of family and patient education - food allergy, Define Importanc...

Define Importance of Family and Patient Education - Food Allergy? Remember, involvement of the family and all other relevant caretakers along with the patient is crucial for pr

Biomolecules, How do you explain in the absence of aldehyde group in the pe...

How do you explain in the absence of aldehyde group in the pentaacetate of D-glucose? Ans) when you react glucose with acetic anhydrate it forms pentaacetate with 5 OH grops it tel

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd