Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Explain sympatric and allopatric speciation, Sympatric OR allopatric specia...

Sympatric OR allopatric speciation Sympatry The development of new species within a population. Two Hebe sp living in the same location but with different chromosomal numb

Fertilization, Fertilization is the fusion of the two gametes (sperm and o...

Fertilization is the fusion of the two gametes (sperm and ovum) to produce a zygote which develops into the new individual with a genetic heritage derived from both the parents. S

Gumbout chiton, what is the classification of the Gumbout Chiton?

what is the classification of the Gumbout Chiton?

What do you mean by nuclear pollution, Q. What is nuclear pollution? Th...

Q. What is nuclear pollution? The Nuclear pollution consists of radiations emitted from atomic nuclei, these radiations are highly injurious to living beings and they can be or

Adhesion of cells to extracellular cell matrix, Adhesion of Cells to Extrac...

Adhesion of Cells to Extracellular Cell Matrix You know that the cells in order to move or change shape, adhere to each other or to the substratum in their environment. Usual

State tantalum and niobium in alloplastic implant material, Tantalum and Ni...

Tantalum and Niobium in alloplastic implant materials  Tantalum has been used successfully in needle type, screw- type and double-bladed implants. However, both are difficult

Potassium (k) - macronutrients, Potassium (K) - Macronutrients The mai...

Potassium (K) - Macronutrients The main source of K + for plants comes from withering of K containing minerals. Potassium released by withering dissolves in the soil solution

Deficiency diseases-osteodystrophia fibrosa, Osteodystrophia fibrosa Os...

Osteodystrophia fibrosa Osteodystrophia fibrosa is a bone disorder arising due to secondary calcium deficiency in horses, pigs and goats. The disease is characterized by painfu

Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the f2, In rats, the gene pigment (...

In rats, the gene pigment (P) is dominant to no pigment (p). The gene for black (B) is dominant to the gene for cream (b). If a pigment gene (P) is absent, genes B and b are inoper

Mechanism of maturation, Mechanism of Maturation The basic mechanism o...

Mechanism of Maturation The basic mechanism of maturation of ovum is more or less similar in all organisms. The primordial germ cells that enter into the ovary divide mitotica

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd