Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Nursing responsibilities while administering immunization, NURSING RESPONSI...

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES WHILE ADMINISTERING IMMUNIZATION Use one sterile syringe and needle for each injection.  Use only the diluent supplied along with measles and

Different modes of nutrition, Explain different modes nutrition like Autotr...

Explain different modes nutrition like Autotroph,hetrotroph,saprotroph,holozoic

Reproduction, what are different forms of asexual reproduction?

what are different forms of asexual reproduction?

Which type of cell came first in evolution, Q. Which type of cell came firs...

Q. Which type of cell came first in evolution - the eukaryotic cell or the prokaryotic cell? This is an interesting problem of biological evolution. The majorly accepted hypoth

Non-modifiable risk factors for coronaru heart diseases, Q. Non-Modifiable ...

Q. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for coronaru heart diseases? Non-Modifiable Risk Factors 1. Age 2. Sex 3. Heredity 4. Endomorphic Body Build Family history: Pe

Define typical structures of the seed and define endosperm, What are typica...

What are typical structures of the seed? What is the endosperm? A typical seed is the composed of the embryo, endosperm and shell. Inside seeds of angiosperms there are one or

Explain the transcription factor of zinc, Explain the Transcription Factor ...

Explain the Transcription Factor of Zinc? Zinc is an important structural component of DNA- binding proteins also known as 'transcription factors'. These transcription factors

Digestive system of mammals, DIGESTIVE  SYSTEM OF MAMMALS The tube f...

DIGESTIVE  SYSTEM OF MAMMALS The tube from mouth up to anus is called alimentary canal. Alimentary canal of man is about 9 meter and rabbit is about 6 meter. Digestive

Explain night blindness - micronutrient deficiencies, Explain Night Blindne...

Explain Night Blindness - micronutrient deficiencies? Night blindness is the earliest symptom of Vitamin 'A' deficiency. The reduction in the supply of vitamin A aldehyde i.e.

Zoology, explain in detail various types of epithelial tissue

explain in detail various types of epithelial tissue

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd