Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?
Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.
A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.
Sickle cell anaemia in man is caused by a defective chain of haemoglobin. The abnormal haemoglobin known as MbS differs from natural haemoglobin (HhA) in one amino acid. A substitu
Q. Adverse effect to intestinal mucosa? Alcohol: Alcohol is known to cause damage to intestinal mucosa independent of gastric acid content. Thus high amounts are not advised.
define fringing reef
GAS T RUL A TIO N - Morphogenic movements are occured. 3 germinal layers are formed. Ectoderm, endoderm & mesoderm. Endoderm is formed first. Mesoderm is formed in the
Explain about Battery Battery: Two electrodes (zinc and carbon) placed in electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid). Chemical reactions in electrolyte force positive charges to
The hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose (in milk) give up glucose and galactose. Thus galactose is also a major dietary sugar for humans. Glucose and Galactose are epimers which
Long-term responses - Behaviour of Plants Plants alter their course of development to suit the prevailing environmental conditions. For example, leaf maturation and fall, onse
Q. Define Clostridium perfringens-associated gastroenteritis? Clostridium perfringens-associated gastroenteritis is a food borne disease which is frequently reported and is
Which of the following is an effect of the following drugs? A. Drug A is an agonist of the Vasopressin2 Receptor (V2R). High levels of Drug A in the extracellular spaces surro
What is Secondary Growth explain briefly? Secondary Growth in Stems : Young developing shoots increase in height by adding new cells, which are produced by the apical meriste
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd