Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Explain solubility and physical properties of proteins, Solubility and phys...

Solubility and physical properties of protiens Simple proteins Conjugated proteins Derived proteins

How does water move in sponges, Q How does water move in sponges? What is t...

Q How does water move in sponges? What is the function of the pores in these animals? Sponges are filtering beings they make water enter their bodies by their lateral pores. Wa

What is the significance of proteins for living beings, Q. What is the sign...

Q. What is the significance of proteins for living beings? Proteins play an essential role in nearly all biological processes. Due to their variety they can suppose many divers

Explain the interaction of riboflavin with other nutrients, Explain the Int...

Explain the Interaction of Riboflavin with other Nutrients? Riboflavin, as already discussed under the functions, interrelates with other B vitamins,  notably niacin, which r

Define central nervous system, Q. Define Central nervous system? The ne...

Q. Define Central nervous system? The nervous system begins as a simple tube during embryonic development (then anterior part expands and also ventricles are formed).  Foreb

Which are the eukaryotic, Which of the following are eukaryotic? Bacteria p...

Which of the following are eukaryotic? Bacteria protists fungi animals' archaea plants and animals only all of the choices are eukaryotic.

Phosphorus - mineral elements, PHOSPHORUS It is present in vegetables, ...

PHOSPHORUS It is present in vegetables, grains (oat metal, wheat meal), milk, eggs, cheese, meat, fish, etc. It helps in - (a) Like calcium it is a constituent of bones.

Defination and use of stem cell, Stem cell research has been promoted as a ...

Stem cell research has been promoted as a future medical cure-all for a host of diseases, including Alzheimer's and diabetes, as well as a potential breakthrough for organ replacem

Explain ganciclovir, Ganciclovir  (Cytovene) IV ganciclovir is approved...

Ganciclovir  (Cytovene) IV ganciclovir is approved for both induction and maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunocompromised patients and for prevent

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd