Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Define the objectives in the biochemistry of the eye, Define the objectives...

Define the objectives in the biochemistry of the eye. After going by this section, you should be familiar with: a. Dynamic of vascular supply of eye; b. The cornea metabo

Explain degradation of carbohydrates, Q. Explain Degradation of Carbohydrat...

Q. Explain Degradation of Carbohydrates? Ans. The carbohydrates that are naturally present in foods, you may already know, can be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharid

What is herbicide tolerant crops in evolutionary, Evolutionary ...

Evolutionary Herbicide tolerant crops (HTC) Increased use of herbicide can result in increase in development of weed resistance to that herbicide either through

Objectives of eyelids-lacrimal apparatus-tear film dynamics, Define the obj...

Define the objectives of eyelids, lacrimal apparatus and tear film dynamics. By familiar with section, you should be capable to understand: a. All the functions of the eyeli

Explain adverse effects of valacyclovir, Adverse Effects of Valacyclovir  ...

Adverse Effects of Valacyclovir  Valacyclovir is generally well tolerated; adverse effects are similar to those with acyclovir. GI disturbance, headache, rash, CNS effects such

What is supraventricular arrhythmias, Q. What is Supraventricular Arrhythmi...

Q. What is Supraventricular Arrhythmias? Such arrhythmia tend to be reduced by the vagal withdrawal accompanying the onset of exercise.This and wandering pacemakers tend to rec

Physical layout - neonatal care unit, PHYSICAL LAYOUT In this section ...

PHYSICAL LAYOUT In this section we shall focus on location floor plan, ventilation, lighting environmental temperature and humidity, acoustic characteristic, communication sy

Explain the reduction in free radical generation - vitamin e, Explain the R...

Explain the Reduction in free radical generation - Vitamin E? 1) Reduction in free radical generation: Vitamin E acts synergistically with selenium thereby reducing susceptibil

Homologous series, Homologous series A homologous series can be illust...

Homologous series A homologous series can be illustrated as a group of compounds in which the several members have similar structural features and identical chemical propertie

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd