Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Explain ancient greeks and romans - plant classification, Explain History o...

Explain History of Plant Classification - Ancient Greeks and Romans? Hippocrates, "The Father of Medicine" (460-377 B.C.) is reputed to have been one of Democritus 's disciples

Enumerate the anatomic consequences of edentulism, Q. Enumerate the anatomi...

Q. Enumerate the anatomic consequences of edentulism? The anatomic consequences of edentulism include the effect of edentulism on bone and soft tissues. Basal bone forms the de

Observation of the anatomical structures, This assignment was done, sent in...

This assignment was done, sent in marked then sent back to me to be resubmitted. Comments were grammar & structure to be reviewed so could you please proof read & make it more acad

Determine the symptoms of dehydration, Determine the Symptoms of Dehydratio...

Determine the Symptoms of Dehydration? The symptoms of dehydration are: Thirst Loss of appetite Decreased urination Impaired physical performance Nau

Zoology, living and non living

living and non living

Illustrate the factors of human skin, Skin The skin or integument is th...

Skin The skin or integument is the outer covering of the body and have appendages i.e. nails and hairs. The outer layer of skin is known as epidermis; the inner layer is dermis

Define the role of vitamin d in the immune system, Define the Role of Vitam...

Define the Role of Vitamin D in the immune system? Immune responses that are, mediated by T-cells can be inhibited by tile large doses of calcitriol i.e. 1, 25 dihydroxycholec

Define etiology and clinical features of alzheimer''s disease, Define the E...

Define the Etiology and Clinical Features of alzheimer's disease? The probable risk factors include a genetic basis, head injury, low education level, Down syndrome and mother

What is the first polar body, What is the first polar body? How different i...

What is the first polar body? How different is it from the oocyte II? In oogenesis the oogonium differentiates into oocyte I (2n) and this cell enters meiosis. After finishing

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd