Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation to the cell, Of what import...

Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? These pathways regenerate NAD, which the cells can use to keep

Explain about the electrophoresis, Explain about the Electrophoresis? E...

Explain about the Electrophoresis? Electrophoresis refers to the movement of charged particles because of an external electric field. Because charged molecules can be made to m

Cost-benefit relationship regarding sewage treatment, Q. What is the cost-b...

Q. What is the cost-benefit relationship regarding sewage treatment as a strategy to fight water pollution? To treat sewage is greatly cheaper for society. The non-treated sewa

Carbohydrates, Carbohydrates are the next important nutrients as they have ...

Carbohydrates are the next important nutrients as they have to perform a variety of functions such as: 1) Provide major source of energy 2) Breakdown of fatty acids and preve

Which processes help bring oxygen to the body cells, Which of the following...

Which of the following processes help bring oxygen to the body cells that are in a leg? A. Net flux of oxygen from red blood cells into blood plasma in the body capillaries in

How poor selection of food causing the underweight, How Poor Selection of F...

How Poor Selection of Food causing the Underweight? Poor Selection of Food: Poor selection of food along with irregular eating habits may be responsible for insufficient food

What is the commercial importance of algae, Q. What is the commercial impor...

Q. What is the commercial importance of algae? Numerous algae have high nutritional value and are commercialized and consumed as human food they are very popular food in the or

What is septa, What is Septa Septa are thin bony plates, which divide t...

What is Septa Septa are thin bony plates, which divide the inferior portion of the antrum into sections and may even create separate compartments. A buttress or web formation m

Microbiology, harmful and benificial microbes

harmful and benificial microbes

What are the three main arthropod classes constituted, How are the excretor...

How are the excretory systems of the three main arthropod classes constituted? In crustaceans a pair of excretory organs known as green glands exists. The green glands collect

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd