Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

What would be the short- and long-term effects, In a possible future scenar...

In a possible future scenario, male fertility drops to zero, but, luckily, scientists develop a way for women to produce babies by virgin birth. Meiocytes are converted directly (w

Mechanisms of speciation, In the previous section we discussed the concept ...

In the previous section we discussed the concept of species in detail and concluded that the concept of biological species and Mayr's definition of species have a wide acceptance a

What are the symptoms of diverticulosis, Q. What are the symptoms of divert...

Q. What are the symptoms of diverticulosis? Depending on the site of diverticula the symptoms may appear. It occurs most often in sigmoid colon and frequency increases with age

Explain soybean protein isolates, Soybean protein isolates:  Soy protei...

Soybean protein isolates:  Soy protein isolates are the most pure and refined soy protein available.  Isolated soybean proteins (ISP), or  soybean protein isolates, are the mos

Objectives of surgery, OBJECTIVES :  After reading surgery, you will be ab...

OBJECTIVES :  After reading surgery, you will be able to: 1 understand the fundamental of closed and open heart surgery and recent developments in off pump surgery; 2 in

Malaria, what are the etiological agents of malaria

what are the etiological agents of malaria

How are poriferans characterized, Concerning digestion how are poriferans c...

Concerning digestion how are poriferans characterized? Sponges are dissimilar from other animals since they present only intracellular digestion. They do not have a digestiv

Define health and feeding problems among elderly, Define Health and Feeding...

Define Health and Feeding Problems among Elderly? Malnutrition, both obesity and under nutrition, are common problems linked with elderly.  Some of the common disorders such as

What are the limits of pest control, How could knowledge of a pest organism...

How could knowledge of a pest organism's tolerance limits be used in pest control? Pesticides could be developed that make those limits narrower, environmental conditions could

Types of cambium, Types of Cambium On the basis of the arrangement of ...

Types of Cambium On the basis of the arrangement of the Fusiform cells as seen in tangential section, cambium is divided into: A) Storied/Stratified Cambium : The groups o

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd