Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Variations, VARI A TION S - Defined as "dissimilarities of featur...

VARI A TION S - Defined as "dissimilarities of features among members of the same species". Offsprings of same parent are different and also differ from their parent.

Define measuring cylinder - nutritional biochemistry, Define Measuring cyli...

Define Measuring cylinder - Nutritional Biochemistry? It is used for measuring those reagents which need not be added in very accurate volumes. Strong acids and alkalis are add

Define recommended intake of fibre, Define Recommended Intake of Fibre? ...

Define Recommended Intake of Fibre? 1. A minimum of fibre intake of 20 g/day is recommended by the American Dietetic Association (ADA), the National Cancer Institute, US and th

Domestication - wildlife, Domestication - Wildlife It means that man h...

Domestication - Wildlife It means that man has taken under his direct care the living beings which are useful to him. Through extensive breeding programmes, he has modified th

What is tall t-wave, Q. What is Tall T-Wave? It has been reported that ...

Q. What is Tall T-Wave? It has been reported that tall T-wave during or after exercise indicate inferior wall ischaemia. However, Ellestad reports the findings that tall T-wav

What are the main human diseases caused by fungi, Q. What are the main huma...

Q. What are the main human diseases caused by fungi? The major human diseases caused by fungi in immunocompetent patients are , blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomy

What are the genotypes of a man with normal pigment, 1. A man with normal p...

1. A man with normal pigment, whose father was an albino, marries an albino. What chance is there that their first child will be an albino? 2. A man with normal pigment marries

Reptiles, biting mechanism in snakes?

biting mechanism in snakes?

Explain the function of the right ventricle, Q. What is the function of the...

Q. What is the function of the right ventricle? To where does the right ventricle pump the venous blood? The venous blood is carried as of the right ventricle to the lungs by t

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd