Explain the fluoride toxicity, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain the Fluoride Toxicity?

Fluoride is a cumulative toxin. Ingestion of fluoride 1.0-1.5 mg/L for several years may produce dental fluorosis, i.e. browning and pitting of teeth known as mottling, as you may recall studying in the Public Nutrition Course (MFN-006). Chronic high level of fluoride in the range of 2-5 mgL can cause skeletal fluorosis. Crippling skeletal fluorosis can occur where drinking water containing higher than 10 mg/L is consumed over several. years. The severe forms of skeletal deformity in toxic fluorosis include kyphosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), fixed spine and other joint deformities. Hyper parathyroidism secondary to high fluoride intake has been reported, which induces calcification of soft tissues. You may recall that PTH is a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, releasing calcium from the bone into the blood when blood calcium levels tend to fall. An abnormal increase in PTH can add calcium to the soft tissues, hardening them in the process.

A form of severe skeletal flourosis known as "Genuvalgium" (knocked knees) has been reported from part of India, China and African countries. The condition is characterized by severe skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis of the limbs. Chronic ingestion of excess fluoride coupled with low calcium and high molybdenum intakes appear to increase fluoride retention in the bone. While hyper-parathyrodism and increased levels of PTH result in calcium removal from the bone, explaining the osteoporosis of the limbs.


Related Discussions:- Explain the fluoride toxicity

Aves, What is aves?

What is aves?

Acellular and cellular organisms, Acellular and Cellular Organisms you...

Acellular and Cellular Organisms you should be able to characterise living and non- living matter. However, the boundary-line between the two is not very precise. As you have

Chromosomes, Chromosomes  are the condensed, fibrillar, self- replicating g...

Chromosomes  are the condensed, fibrillar, self- replicating genetic structures of cells containing the cellular DNA which bears in its nucleotide sequence the linear array of gene

What are the antigens and antibodies of abo blood system, What are the anti...

What are the antigens and antibodies of each blood type of the ABO blood system? Type A: antigen A, antibody anti-B. Type B: antigen B, antibody anti-A. Type AB: antigens A and

Representatives of the echinoderm phylum, Q. What are some representatives ...

Q. What are some representatives of the echinoderm phylum? Starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers (holothurians) and brittle stars are examples of echinoderms.

Determine the food sources of folate, Determine the Food Sources of Folate?...

Determine the Food Sources of Folate? Folate occurs naturally in foods. Although folate is found in a wide variety of foods, it is present in a relatively low density except i

Distal convoluted tubule, Normal 0 false false false EN...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Forestry, Forestry : It concerned with protection or development of forest ...

Forestry : It concerned with protection or development of forest and to explore the outcome or economic potential of forest. Forestry is the art or science of tree resources, inclu

Explain about the diabetes mellitus, Explain about the Diabetes mellitus? ...

Explain about the Diabetes mellitus? You are aware that diabetes may be diagnosed as an exaggerated response in blood glucose concentration following ingestion of a fixed amou

Eubiont, Eubiont The origin of true life , eubiont from a pmtobiont inv...

Eubiont The origin of true life , eubiont from a pmtobiont involves the acquisition of three major features: 1) assembly of phospholipids and proteins into a cell membrane f

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd