Explain the elementary particles and particle accelerators, Physics

Assignment Help:

Explain the Elementary Particles and Particle Accelerators

More than 100 particles smaller than the proton, electron and neutron have been discovered and are referred to as elementary particles. Most of these are now believed to be composed of a small number of quarks, whose charge is believed to be 1/3 that of an electron. A proton and an electron are believed to contain three quarks each.

Mesons have a mass between that of the electron and that of the proton. Neutral mesons as well as positive and negative mesons have been found. The negative pi-meson has a mass about 270 times that of the electron. Mesons are unstable. When the pi-meson decays, a lighter particle known as a muon is produced.

Particles heavier than the neutron, such as the upsilon particle which has a mass 10 times that of a proton, have also been found.

Antiparticles have the same mass but opposite charge to the corresponding particle. The positron is the antiparticle of the electron.

The neutrino is a neutral particle of practically zero rest mass introduced by Pauli in 1931 and detected experimentally in 1956.

The photon is usually classified as an elementary particle that travels at the speed of light. It has zero rest mass and an amount of energy dependent on its frequency.

The muon has an associated neutrino. The tau particle, which is heavier than the muon, also has an associated neutrino. All have antiparticles.

Particle Accelerators are the main tools used to examine the nucleus. The greater the energy of the particles used to “smash” the nucleus, the more detail about its structure and particles is available. The bombarding particles are usually described as possessing energy in millions of electron volts (MeV) or billions of electron volts (GeV). Electrons or protons can be used to bombard nuclei. These particles, since they are charged, can be accelerated by being placed in an electric field. A linear accelerator or cyclotron, which is able to circulate the particles up to 100 times to increase the particles' energy by millions of eV, is used to accelerate electrons or protons.

At these high energies, subatomic particles can start showing relativistic effects. As particles move at an appreciable percentage of the speed of light, the mass of the particle increases and the lengths traveled decrease from rest values.

Stanford University operates a linear accelerator, SLAC, and several laboratories operate synchrotrons, the largest being run by Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois. 


Related Discussions:- Explain the elementary particles and particle accelerators

Wave Equations, The formula y=A cos ?(t-x/v), describes a wave that moves i...

The formula y=A cos ?(t-x/v), describes a wave that moves in the +x direction along a stretched string. Show that this formula is a solution of the wave equation?

What is slowly leaking box, What is Slowly Leaking Box? An ideal gas o...

What is Slowly Leaking Box? An ideal gas of atoms of number density at an absolute temperature is restricted to a thermally isolated container that has a small hole of area A

Zero gravity, what will happen if gravity becomes zero?is it possible in ea...

what will happen if gravity becomes zero?is it possible in earth?

Tangent galvanometer, what is the principle of tangent galvanometer?

what is the principle of tangent galvanometer?

Does cph mass increase, Does CPH mass increase? Answer; Never, mass of ...

Does CPH mass increase? Answer; Never, mass of CPH is constant, as like its speed.

National ambient air quality standards, The town of Smog, Idaho is located ...

The town of Smog, Idaho is located in a river valley and has a footprint of 6 km x 2 km.  It has an average daily emission rate of 1000 kg/day of PM 2.5  into the atmosphere from

How fast are the electrons moving - magnetic field, Electrons travelling at...

Electrons travelling at right angles to a magnetic field experience a force of  8.3 x 10 -13 N when they are in a magnetic field of 6.2 x 10 -1 T. How fast are the electrons

How fast is each particle moving, Two particles each have a mass of 6.7 x10...

Two particles each have a mass of 6.7 x10 -5 kg. One has a charge of +5.0 x 10 -6 C, and the other has a charge of -5.0 x 10 -6 C. They are initially held at rest at a distance of

What are the various energy losses of a transformer, Q. What are the variou...

Q. What are the various energy losses of a transformer? Energy losses in a transformer: (a) Hysteresis loss (b Copper loss (c) Eddy current loss (Iron loss) (d)

What is electromagnetic induction, Q What is electromagnetic induction? ...

Q What is electromagnetic induction? The phenomenon of producing an induced emf because of the changes in the magnetic flux associated with a closed circuit is known as electr

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd