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Explain the disadvantages of a file processing system?
Ans: Disadvantages of File Processing Systems include: 1) Data Redundancy 2) Data Inconsistency 3) Difficult to access data 4) Data isolation 5) Atomicity problem 6) Concurrent access anomalies 7) Security problem
Use Delegation to Share Implementation The delegation " Delegation comprises of catching an operation on one object and sending it to other object which is part, or related to
What is data definition language? Explain it in detail? The SQL DDL allows specification of not only a set of relations, but also information after each relation, containing
Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it. Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined bad
random file orgnization
Shared lock or Read Lock It is requested by a transaction that needs to just read the value of data item. A shared lock on a data item does not permit an exclusive lock
What are the uses of functional dependencies? To test relations to see whether they are legal under a given set of functional dependencies. To state constraints on the set
aggregation
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
Hashed File Organisation Hashing is the most common form of purely random access to a database or file. It is also used to access columns that do not have an index as an optimi
What are the parts of SQL language? The SQL language has various parts: data - definitition language Data manipulation language View definition Transaction contr
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