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Explain the concepts of relational data model?
Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970 and attracted immediate attention because of its simplicity and mathematical foundation. The model uses the concept of a mathematical relation (such as a table of values) as its primary building block, and has its theoretical basis within set theory and first-order predicate logic. The relational model represents the database as a collection of relations. The relational model such as all other models consists of three basic elements:
What is known as sequential file organization? In the sequential file organization, the records are kept in sequential order, according to the value of a "search key" of every
The need for three level architecture The aim of the three level architecture is to divide each user's view of the database from the way the database is physically shown.
What are aggregate functions? And list the aggregate functions supported by SQL? Aggregate functions are functions that take a collection of values as input and return a one va
Which operations need the participating relations to be union compatible? A UNION, INTERSECTION and DIFFERENCE operations need the participating relations to be union compatibl
In problems 1 - 4, you are given the columns of a table, and a set of functional dependencies. Determine the normal form of this table. Remember that the normal form is the HIGHE
What is meant by log-based recovery? The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update a
how to calculate frequency count of algorithm
Define Two phase commit Two phase commit: To make sure atomicity, all the sites where a transaction is being executed must agree on the final outcome of the execution. The tran
Removing a Synonym: DROP SYNONYM D30;
What is Functional Dependency? A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple
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