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Explain the Bohr's model?
Bohr's Model : Electrons move around the nucleus at tremendous speeds and occupy most of the space in an atom. The exact position or location of an electron at any given moment can only be predicted on the basis of probability. In a widely accepted model of the atom originally proposed by Neils Bohr, electrons move in spherical spaces called orbitals, or shells, which correspond to different energy levels. Electrons are distributed according to their energy levels, with the higher energy electrons residing in the outer shells. The innermost shell contains only 2 electrons. In common elements, the next outer shells contain 8 electrons each.
Atoms either gain, lose, or share electrons in the outer shells. Because the outer shells of many atoms are incomplete, most atoms will interact with other atoms during chemical reactions to achieve stable outer shells. The number of electrons that an atom must either gain, lose, or share to complete the outer shell is known as its valence, or oxidation number. For example, carbon has six electrons, two in its first energy level and four in the outer level. Thus, it can form a stable outer shell by gaining, losing, or sharing four electrons to complete its outer shell when it joins, or bonds, with another atom or atoms to form a compound. The following table lists the oxidation numbers of some important ions frequently used in Biology.
Explain the Menopausal symptoms Menopausal symptoms include: (i) hormone-related gynaecological problems that occur around the menopause, and (ii) post-menopausal uterine
1. Hazard Is An Extreme Event Whereas Disaster Is Its Consequence. 2. A hazard can occur without human interference but it may become a disaster on account of careless
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Name the two groups of nephrons on the basis of their position in the kidney. How are they different from each other? a) How is the halophyte Rhizophora adapted to survive in i
In this section, we shall discuss a classic example of natulal selection in action. In the preceding unit, it was stated that natural selection always aims at eliminating alleles,
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what is the respiratory organ of phylum protozoa?
What is adaptive radiation? Adaptive radiation happens when a new population in a new environment, like an island, undergoes divergent evolution until the descendant population
Define Precautions for Testing Quality of Water? 1. Handle the sewage water with care as it may contain enteric pathogens. 2. Sewage and pond water should be shaked before i
How are the proteins important in metabolism of lens? Proteins Physical slate of protein is important for transparency of lens. Morner first time classified protein of l
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