Explain the basic concept of sonar.

Basic concept of SONAR:

Sonar is based ontpo the echo-sounding technique of ultrasound. While an ultrasonic wave is transmitted by water, this is reflected through the objects into the water and will generate an echo signal. By considering the time interval among the generation of the ultrasonic pulse and the reception of the echo signal (t), the depth of the object can be simply computed. As the ultrasonic velocity “v’ into sea water is termed, the depth of sea is computed as given below:

Depth of sea (distance in between surface and bottom of the sea) = vt/2

Similar procedure is also used to determine the distance of submarine or iceberg through the surface of the sea and the distance in between two ships into the sea.