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Q. Explain state-variable techniques?
The matrix formulations associated with state-variable techniques have largely replaced the block-diagram formulations. Computer software for solving a great variety of state-equation formulations is available on most computer systems today. However, in the state-variable for- mulation, much of the physical reality of any system is lost, including the relationships between system response and system parameters.
With the development and widespread use of digital (discrete) control systems and the advent of relatively inexpensive digital computers, time-response methods have become more necessary and available. These may be divided into two broad methodologies:
1. The actual simulation or modeling of the system differential equations by either analog or digital computers.
2. The state-variable formulation of the system state equations and their solution by a digital computer. State-variable methods offer probably the most general approach to system analysis and are useful in the solution of both linear and nonlinear system equations.
Q. What is Open-loop voltage gain? The op amp amplifies the difference vd between the voltage on the noninverting (+) terminal and the inverting (-) terminal; see Figure. The t
Q. Resultant air-gap flux of induction machine? The resultant air-gap flux is produced by the combined mmfs of the stator and rotor currents. For the sake of conceptual and ana
Why does digital signal processing require specialized hardware? A) It needs to perform analog as well as digital functions. B) General-purpose microprocessors cannot perfor
NAND Gate NAND means NOT AND it complements the output of an AND gate. The symbol of NAND by a NOT gate. Generally Not operation is represented by a bubble as shown
Q. For the circuit shown in Figure(a), determine the diode current and voltage and the power delivered by the voltage source. The diode characteristic is given in Figure.
By a simple time multiplexing of natural samples over a single line, a large radar site transmits 85 analog signals, each with 200-Hz bandwidth. If the sampling is done at twice th
Holes are majority carriers in (A) P-type semiconductors. (B) N-type semiconductors. (C) Insulators. (D) Superconductors. Ans: Holes are m
Q. When input is a triangular wave. When the input fed to differentiating circuit is a triangular wave, the output will be a rectangular wave. During the period OA of
advantages of constant current bias
what is the time of short circuit ?
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