Explain some points regarding to hardness, Civil Engineering

Assignment Help:

Explain Some Points regarding to Hardness

1) Hardness removal using lime and soda is based on the solubility reactions of calcium carbonate, CaCO3 and magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2  

2) Precipitate Ca+2 as CaCO3 and Mg+2 as Mg(OH)2 

3) pH must be raised to 10.3 for Ca+2 removal and to about 11 for Mg+2 removal

4) Remove Ca-CH, Mg-CH and Ca-NCH and Mg-NCH in that order because the cost of removal increases in the same order

5) Leave as much Mg hardness as possible and as much NCH as possible, but Mg Conc. of above 40 mg/l as CaCO3 causes problems 

6) It is a common practice to use a minimum of 20 mg/l as CaCO3 of excess lime to achieve reasonable removal.


Related Discussions:- Explain some points regarding to hardness

Dynamics202, Determine the minimum speed of the stunt rider, so that when h...

Determine the minimum speed of the stunt rider, so that when he leaves the ramp at A he passes through the center of the hoop at B. [5 Points] 2. How far h should the landing ramp

Bedding of precast concrete paving units, Q. Sand layer vs. cement sand use...

Q. Sand layer vs. cement sand used as bedding of precast concrete paving units Cement sand is a mixture of sand and cement and it behaves as a cohesive mass once mixed. Usuall

Define the abrasion - underwater inspection of bridge, Define the Abrasion ...

Define the Abrasion - underwater inspection of bridge? Abrasion damage is caused by continuous action of external forces on the surface of the concrete element. Erosive action

Uses of bricks, Uses of Bricks In the following civil works Bricks are ...

Uses of Bricks In the following civil works Bricks are used: a. in building blocks. b. For lining of ovens, chimneys and furnaces. c. As aggregates in providing water

What is uniformly distributed surcharge, A retaining wall with a smooth ve...

A retaining wall with a smooth vertical back, 4.5 m high, retains a dry cohesionless backfill level with the top of the wall. γ = 18.6 kN/m 3 and φ = 30°. The backfill carries a u

Foundation, why is the foundation failure?

why is the foundation failure?

Explain about void ratio drops, A clay layer 25 metres thick has a saturate...

A clay layer 25 metres thick has a saturated unit weight of 19.2 kN/m 2 . Ground water level occurs at a depth of 5 metres. It is proposed to construct a reinforced concrete founda

Curved beams, Sir how can we find location of neutral axis for a curved bea...

Sir how can we find location of neutral axis for a curved beam of circular cross section,,,

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd