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Explain Sedationin details?
Intubation and mechanical ventilation is associated with a significant degree of discomfort. In addition, many of the procedures done routinely in ICUs carry with them pain and discomfort - suctioning, cannulation, etc. Hence, it is important give pain relief and administer sedation as appropriate. This is conveniently done as a continuous infusion of a narcotic + benzodiazepine (morphine + midazolam or fentanyl + midazolam). Besides, adequate explanations should be given before every procedure. Sedation should be stopped routinely in the morning to allow the patient to waken up and assess neurological status before restarting. This would prevent accumulation of long acting sedatives and allow earlier weaning and extubation and thereby, shorten ICU stay. Earlier, it was considered necessary to use muscle relaxants all the time for patients on mechanical ventilation. This is no longer true with the newer modes like pressure support that allow partial as well as full ventilator support and preserves spontaneous breathing. Some degree of spontaneous breathing is always preferable as this would allow diaphragmatic activity, prevention of basal collapse and also reduce the incidence myopathies associated with the use of long acting muscle relaxants.
Prevention and control The organism is sensitive to penicillin, tetracycline and other broad-spectrum antibiotics. Newer generation drugs are being used for the treatment of affec
Explain Class Oligochaeta - Earthworms in details? This group of annelids includes the earthworms. Oligochaetes live in the soil or in fresh water habitats, and a few inhabit m
Freediving is an activity in which a person dives, sometimes to great depth, without the use of scuba gear. The diver must hold his or her breath for the duration of the dive. (The
We mentioned earlier that pre-mating mechanisms are concerned with the prevention of occurrence of interspecific crosses. In such cases, a) the potential mates do not meet in wh
Photoorganoheterotrophs and Chemoorganoheterotrophs - Nutritional Types (1) Photoorganoheterotrophs - These microorganisms use light as a source of energy and organic compound
Q. Can you explain Protease inhibitors? Ans. Protease inhibitors are the compounds which are found to some extent in cereal grains such as oats, wheat, barley and mai
Explain Fluids Fluids: Fluid diets are given to patients with more advanced dysphasia or fractured jaws. The diet may include fruit juices, thin strained porridge with milk, e
Describe in detail about the Huntington's disease The brain of a person who has died as a result of Huntington's disease or Alzheimer's disease will look abnormal even to the
T ypes of hormones - (i) Releasing and Inhibitory hormones - Hormones of hypothalamus and kidney (renin) which control secretion of trophic hormones. (ii) Trophic hormon
Moss Stage - Xerarch The accumulation of soil, particularly in the crevices and depressions of rock favours the growth of certain xerophytic mosses, e.g., species of Polytrich
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