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Explain Radioactivity and its Problems and Applications?All radiation, electromagnetic as well as the kind from nuclear decay, takes its toll on living organisms. If the radiation has enough energy it can disrupt the functioning of living cells. This is particularly harmful if the radiation damages the nucleic acid molecules which make up your genetic information. We are constantly being exposed to radiation from natural sources. Rocks contain radioactive elements, we are being bombarded by cosmic rays from space and our food and water contain radioactive particles. Additional amounts of radiation come from man-made sources such as testing from nuclear weapons, medical x-rays and nuclear power plants. All three types of radiation come in a variety of different energies, but we can make generalizations. Alpha particles are the least penetrating (they can be blocked by a t-shirt) but because of their large mass, they are the most harmful if they actually get into your system. Gamma rays are the most penetrating and require several centimeters of lead to stop them. Beta particles are somewhere in between. They can be stopped by aluminum foil. Using Radioactive Nuclides: Radioactive elements are easily found because they emit radiation. They can be used as tracers to show what is happening in plants and animals. A radioactive isotope of a molecule can be substituted for the regular atom used by a specific organ in your body. Doctors can follow the path of that tracer by detecting the movement as it wanders through your body. Areas of high or low radioactivity signal a problem area. Radioactive isotopes can also be used to target cancer cells. If you have a thyroid cancer doctors will often prescribe iodine-131.The iodine accumulates in the gland and the radiation destroys the cancer cells. For other types of cancer, external sources of radiation bombard the cancerous cells to destroy themSome naturally occurring nuclides can be used in archeological and geological dating. We already mentioned these applications in the section entitled Radioactive Dating.
Q. Collector current I c =20 mA and base current I b = 50 A. Find current gain β of a transistor. β = I C / I B = 20 X 10 -3 / 50 X 10 -6 = 400
find the angle between two vectors if thier resultant is equal to either of them
what will happen if gravity becomes zero?is it possible in earth?
The world is derived from the Greek world which means to squeeze or press. It is usually described as the generation of electricity as a result of mechanical pressure. "When mechan
Action and reaction with a roller skate Place a roller skate on a smooth floor. Step on the roller skate with one foot and take a step forward with the other. Observe that the
Define: Electric potential. The electric potential in an electric field at a point is define as the amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that
Explain process of Carnot cycle Carnot cycle having of two adiabatic and two isothermal processes, all are reversible. To explain the carnot cycle, suppose the working substanc
At high reverse voltage, due to high electric field, the minorities charge carriers, while crossing the junction acquires very high velocities. A chain reaction is prepared, giving
Velocity: It is common to find people confusing the terms velocity and speed when describing how fast an object is moving. The difference is that speed is a scalar quantit
Explain the Lenz Law An induced current always flows in a direction so that its electromagnetic field opposes the change in magnetic flux producing it. This is embodied in the
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