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What are the main differences between operating systems for mainframe computers and personal computers?
The design goals of operating systems for those machines are quite different. PCs are inexpensive, so wasted resources like CPU cycles are inconsequential. Resources are wasted to improve usability and enhance software user interface functionality. Mainframes are the opposite, so resource use is maximized, at the expensive of ease of use.
Differentiate pre-emptive and non-preemptive scheduling In a pre-emptive scheduling technique, CPU can be taken away from a process if there is a requirement while in a non-pre
The objects that a program can access directly are those objects which are referenced by local vari-ables on the processor stack, or by any global/static variables that refer to ob
Describe paging technique used in UNIX systems. When a process begin in UNIX, not every its memory pages are read in from the disk at once. In its place, the kernel loads into
Q. Consider a distributed system with two sites A and B. Consider whether site A can distinguish among the following: a. B goes down. b. The link between A and B goes down.
Define busy waiting and spinlock. When a process is in its significant section, any other process that tries to enter its critical section must loop continuously in the entry c
What are privileged instructions? Some of the machine instructions that may cause harm to a system are designated as privileged instructions. The hardware permits the privilege
Paging full question
Q. Why is it complicated to protect a system in which users are allowed to do their own I/O? Answer: In earlier chapters we identified a distinction among kernel and user mod
Additional Reference bits algorithm Here we keep an 8-bit byte for every page in memory. At standard intervals the reference bit is shifted by the OS. If a shift register conta
Define I/O and CPU Bursts Applications typically to through cycle of CPU bursts and Input/output bursts. Since the CPU sits idle during I/O operations, efficiency is improved
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