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What is Normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization method applied to data structures based on rules that help building relational databases. In relational database design, the method of organizing data to minimize redundancy is known as normalization. Normalization usually includes dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships among the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated by the rest of the database via the explained relationships.
How can you map NULL values to other values while display? IF( ) , IFNULL( ) keywords are used to do so. They are 'LIMIT' is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Ans
Define weak and strong entity sets? Weak entity set: entity set that do not have key attribute of their own are known as weak entity sets. Strong entity set
What is Log Shipping? Log shipping is the method of automating the backup of database and transaction log files on a production SQL server, and then restoring them onto a stand
what is 3nf
the of super market system done in database
Define the concept of aggregation. Give two examples where this concept is useful. Ans: Aggregation transforms a relationship among the objects into a higher-level object. A
Types of Locks There are two necessary types of locks: Binary lock : This locking mechanism has two states for to a data item: locked or unlocked Multiple-mode loc
Consider the relations City (city_name, state) Hotel (name, address) City_hotel (hotel_name, city_name, owner) Answer the following queries in relational algebra (i) Find
growing phase and shrinking phase are disjoint, why ?
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
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