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What is Normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization method applied to data structures based on rules that help building relational databases. In relational database design, the method of organizing data to minimize redundancy is known as normalization. Normalization usually includes dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships among the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated by the rest of the database via the explained relationships.
What are the several kinds of the update operations on relations? Also explain the constraints on these update operation. Give instance in support of your answer. There are th
How many physical thing?
These are designed to reduce the effects of a database failure and make sure a database is restored to a consistent state if a failure does arise. Manual backup/restore utilities n
Give the forms of triggers? The triggering event can be insert or delete. For updated the trigger can state columns. The referencing old row as clause The referencing
construct a B+ tree for the following set of key value (2,3,5,7,11,19,23,29,31) in ascending order where the pointers that will fit in one node is as follows:A. four B. six C. eigh
The Concurrent Transactions Almost every commercial DBMS support multi-user environment. Therefore, allowing multiple transactions to proceed concurrently. The DBMS must make
If the deletion violates referential integrity constraint, then three alternatives are available: Default option: - refuse the deletion. It is the job of the DBMS to describ
The Locking Protocol: To manage concurrency related problems we use locking. A lock is mainly a variable that is associated with a data item in the database. A lock can be located
What is theta join explain? Theta Join - The theta join operation is an extension to the natural-join operation which permits us to merge selection and a Cartesian
Why does a DBMS query language is designed? A DBMS query language is designed to support end users who use English-like commands. support in the development of complex applicat
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