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What is Normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization method applied to data structures based on rules that help building relational databases. In relational database design, the method of organizing data to minimize redundancy is known as normalization. Normalization usually includes dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships among the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated by the rest of the database via the explained relationships.
The insertion of a tuple in the aim of reference does not cause any destruction. Though, insertion of a tuple in the relation in which, we has the foreign key, for instance, in ASS
Problem Explain at least five relational algebraic operators with a suitable example. Note: All the above descriptions should be done by taking at least two examples from ou
Un-Normalized Form (UNF) If a table having non-atomic values at every row, it is said to be in UNF. An atomic value is something that cannot be further decomposed. A non-atomic
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
System level permissions : With the use of data dictionary you can view them. Let us take the table name as user_sys_privs (used in oracle). DESCRIBE USER_SYS_PRI
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explain equi-join using illustration
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#questiononsider the following relation: CAR_SALE =(CAR_ID,oPTION_TYPE, Option_listpreice, Sale_date, Option_discountedprice)..
In a Hierarchical model of data records are organized ? In the hierarchical model of data records are organized as Tree structure.
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