Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

What is the actionform, ActionForm is javabean which shows the form inputs ...

ActionForm is javabean which shows the form inputs containing the request parameters from the View referencing the Action bean.

How virtual communities are formed, How virtual communities are formed? How...

How virtual communities are formed? How these are different from other Communities? Give examples. Virtual Communities are interest-based communities. Members along with genera

What is best algorithm, What is best algorithm? Greedy algorithm is the...

What is best algorithm? Greedy algorithm is the best algorithm as it is n algorithm in which always takes the best immediate, or local solution although searching an answer.

Page replacement algorithms code in nachos, what is the code for page repla...

what is the code for page replacement algorithms in nachos os

Explain the methods of java.lang.object, Explain The Methods of java.lang.O...

Explain The Methods of java.lang.Object? java.lang.Object gives a number of methods that are general to all objects. toString() is the most general such method. Because the def

Project, How can i draw E-R diagram

How can i draw E-R diagram

Create a link list iterator, In this assignment, you will gain experience i...

In this assignment, you will gain experience implementing the java.util.List interface. This includes writing an inner class called Node and another inner class called CS228LinkedL

Payrol, design a payrol (non GUI)

design a payrol (non GUI)

Java input and output, what are all possible ways in java for user input an...

what are all possible ways in java for user input and output

Maintenance and administration activities, Maintenance and Administration a...

Maintenance and Administration activities: Name                        : e-Commerce OS and Soft wares    : Websphere 6.0, IHS, Unix, Weblogic 8.1   Maintenance an

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd