Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

I need viral script for facebook likes, Project Description: I need a Sc...

Project Description: I need a Script developer who can make script for me. Need urgently. Skills required: Java, Facebook Marketing, Javascript, PHP, Script Install

Write a program using local variable, Write a program using local variable ...

Write a program using local variable Public void someMethod( ) { int x; //local variable System.out.println(x); // compile time error } - Constructor - Doesn't

What is alternate text, What is Alternate Text ? The APPLET element ca...

What is Alternate Text ? The APPLET element can have an ALT attribute. An ALT attribute is used through a browser which understands the APPLET tag but for some purpose cannot

Explain JMS, JMS ((java messaging service))is an acronym used for Java Mess...

JMS ((java messaging service))is an acronym used for Java Messaging Service. It is Java's answer to formed software using asynchronous messaging. It is one of the official specific

How to scaling images in java applet, How to Scaling Images in java applet?...

How to Scaling Images in java applet? You can scale an image within a particular rectangle using this version of the drawImage() method: public boolean drawImage(Image img,

Android app for username and password, Hi, I have an android sdk assignment...

Hi, I have an android sdk assignment which is due monday night. The user will enter the following information. url address www.google.com user name [email protected] password 12

Relate in brief - microsoft vs java, Relate in brief - Microsoft vs Java ...

Relate in brief - Microsoft vs Java Microsoft hates Java, as a Java program (portable) isn't tied to any particular operating system. If Java is popular, then programs written

Area Under Curve, #include float start_point, /* GLOB...

#include float start_point, /* GLOBAL VARIABLES */ end_point, total_area; int numtraps; main( ) { void input( void );

Programming, Byteland county is very famous for luminous jewels. Luminous j...

Byteland county is very famous for luminous jewels. Luminous jewels are used in making beautiful necklaces. A necklace consists of various luminous jewels of particular colour. Nec

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd