Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Package in java? , It helps to resolve naming conflicts when different pack...

It helps to resolve naming conflicts when different packages have classes with the same names. This also helps you prepare files within your project. As define : java.io package

I want linux server expert with tomcat skills, I want Linux server expert w...

I want Linux server expert with Tomcat skills Project Description: I want a Linux server expert to look in to an issue with my domain. It is down since three days as there is

Explain intelligent system, What is an intelligent system? Intelligent sy...

What is an intelligent system? Intelligent systems are the programs established to perform complicated jobs in which reflect human brain and thoughts. If the algorithms are too m

Interfaces and generics, In this assignment, you are provided with an inter...

In this assignment, you are provided with an interface that contains a generic type. You are asked to create two classes that implement this interface. A. The Sequenced Interfac

What does tcp/ip stand for, What does TCP/IP stand for? TCP/IP is a Pro...

What does TCP/IP stand for? TCP/IP is a Protocol type basically it is known by Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Explain what is orm, Object Relational Mapping , its a tool for transaction...

Object Relational Mapping , its a tool for transaction management that requires to be integrated with Spring, Struts etc.Eg : Hibernate, i Batis,JDO etc

What is java rmi, Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is the process of activati...

Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is the process of activating a method on a remotely running object. RMI offers location transparency in the sense that it gives the feel that a metho

In programming what is a loop, In programming, what is a loop? A loop i...

In programming, what is a loop? A loop is a programming language statement that permits your code to be repeatedly executed LOOP is a pedagogical programming language designed

Explain what is naming applets in java applets, Explain what is Naming Appl...

Explain what is Naming Applets in java applets? You can give an applet a name by using the NAME attribute of the APPLET element. This allows communication between different app

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd