Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Prepare a new fishing app, New Fishing App Project Description: A new...

New Fishing App Project Description: A new app for iPhone providing a GPS connected map of the fishery you are fishing at and other logged in users who are also fishing at th

Explain the both hashset and treeset, Explain the both HashSet and TreeSet?...

Explain the both HashSet and TreeSet? HashSet is an unordered, unsorted Set. It's a Collection set which restrict duplicate elements and also repositioning of elements. I

Describe tostring() methods, Describe toString() Methods ? Print method...

Describe toString() Methods ? Print methods are general in some languages, but most Java programs operate differently. You can use System.out.println() to print any object. The

Program to find prime number from linked list, For this assignment you are ...

For this assignment you are provided with a class called LNode which can be used as a list node for a linked list of ints. You are also provided with an abstract class called LList

Describe exception classes, Java Programming 1. Discuss any five buzz w...

Java Programming 1. Discuss any five buzz words in Java. 2. Describe exception classes and also explain common exceptions in java. 3. Describe primitive and abstract data

What are checked and unchecked exception, What are Checked and UnChecked Ex...

What are Checked and UnChecked Exception? A checked exception is some subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding class RuntimeException and its subclasses. Making a

What is mixing data types, What is Mixing Data Types? As well as mergin...

What is Mixing Data Types? As well as merging various operations, you can mix and match various numeric data types on the similar line. The program below uses both ints and dou

Need the following code for double variables instead of int, Need the follo...

Need the following code in double var instead of integer. import javax.swing.*; public class arrayVar { public static void main (String[] args) //This is our main method prompt

Write code in javascript to display the odd numbers, Write code in JavaScri...

Write code in JavaScript to display the odd numbers among 20 to 100 using FOR statement? Note: No required to write whole HTML program. Just JavaScript code of require elemen

What is runnable jar archives, What is Runnable JAR archives You can ru...

What is Runnable JAR archives You can run a program stored within the JAR archive that has a main() method like this: $ java -cp eharold.jar MainClassName You must use the f

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd