Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Find Largest, My java asignment is the following. Sorry if this is a repeat...

My java asignment is the following. Sorry if this is a repeat send. My email is Finding the largest object Write a method that returns the largest objects in an array of objects.

Terminology, what is mearnt by a variable in java

what is mearnt by a variable in java

Implement decision tree algorithm using netbeans, Implement Decision Tree A...

Implement Decision Tree Algorithm using Netbeans (Java) & Microsoft Access 2007. "One Level is enough, output should contains gain of each attribute, the selected attribute and

Java program to play minesweeper , Project Requirements Write and tes...

Project Requirements Write and test a Java program to play Minesweeper using Model-View-Presenter design (The model is an interface defining the data to be displayed or other

Boardcolourling, write a program to find the minimum no of colors to fill a...

write a program to find the minimum no of colors to fill a board where some of the elements of different color are already placed.

Explain what is fontmetrics in java, Explain what is FontMetrics in Java? ...

Explain what is FontMetrics in Java? No word wrapping is completed when you draw a string in an applet, even if you embed newlines in the string along with \n. If you expect th

Getting code, can i have code on this assignment: The code in the main meth...

can i have code on this assignment: The code in the main method should do the following: 1. Prompt the user for a string input value for the amount in dollars and store it in a va

I need the app to be developed for android, I have a very simple app that I...

I have a very simple app that I have developed and is in the AppStore. I need the app to be developed for Android as it is presently in Objective C only. All plist html/ lists s

Prepare a program that can solve ocr captcha, Prepare a Program that can so...

Prepare a Program that can solve OCR Captcha Project Description: I'm seeking someone to develop a program that can solve a php captcha. It should be a web service or scri

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd