Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Define network organization and their features, Define network organization...

Define network organization? What are important features of network organization? Network Organization : Network organization is an inter firm organization in which is charac

How does an exception permeate through the code, How does an exception perm...

How does an exception permeate through the code? An unhandled exception moves up the method stack in search of a matching When an exception is thrown from a code which is wrapp

Moving Blobs, Don''t know how to write this, can anyone help me? http://wi...

Don''t know how to write this, can anyone help me? http://wikisend.com/download/660980/Moving Blobs.zip

What are logic- or time-bombs, What are Logic- or Time-Bombs ? It execu...

What are Logic- or Time-Bombs ? It execute the payload while predetermined event occurs. For instance use kind's particular phrase and particular data is reached.

Program to read a keyboard value and exit from the code, Using the above t...

Using the above thread program, now create 20 threads in your program and run them. No need to wait for the keyboard in each thread, just print "Hello" and its thread id in each t

Create a program for student database, You are required to write a program ...

You are required to write a program that is going to be used to store the student details of a particular school.  This school caters for students aged between 5 years to 15 years.

Differences between AOP and OOP, Normal 0 false false false...

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE      Obj ec t Ori e n

Explain data security management issue, Explain DATA SECURITY Management is...

Explain DATA SECURITY Management issue? All data in the system is extremely critical to its operation, the security of the customer's personal data is most important. Most of t

Whatsapp bulk messenger to unlimited numbers, hi,i need whatsapp panel to s...

hi,i need whatsapp panel to send unlimitd message. skype : maya123.com email :

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd