Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Online super market Applivation, i don''t need any code i need analysis an...

i don''t need any code i need analysis and design only -i need 4 use cases - description - activity diagram -sequence diagram -class diagram - data base diagram

Two dimensional array, create and initialize the two dimensional array call...

create and initialize the two dimensional array called table Numbers of type integer. use nested loops that will add 12 to each element in an array. use nested loops that will get

What is an immutable object, What is an immutable object? An immutable ...

What is an immutable object? An immutable object is one that we can't change once it's created. Steps involved in creation of an immutable object are: Make all of its data f

Java, Ask question Write an inheritance hierarchy for classes Quadrilateral...

Ask question Write an inheritance hierarchy for classes Quadrilateral, Trapezoid, Parallelogram, Rectangle and Square. Use Quadrilateral as the superclass of the hierarchy. Create

Create objects of student class by calling default, Create objects of stude...

Create objects of student class by calling default Create objects of student class by calling default, parameterize and copy constructor Call student class different methods on

How many iterations would this for loop run for, How many iterations would ...

How many iterations would this ‘for' loop run for? for ( x = 50 ; x document.write ( x ) ; } Answer: 50 iterations

What are the important beans lifecycle methods, There are two significant b...

There are two significant bean lifecycle methods. The first one is setup which is called when the bean is loaded on to the container. The second method is the teardown method which

Find Largest, My java asignment is the following. Sorry if this is a repeat...

My java asignment is the following. Sorry if this is a repeat send. My email is Finding the largest object Write a method that returns the largest objects in an array of objects.

What is the use of lookupdispatchaction, LookupDispatchAction is useful if ...

LookupDispatchAction is useful if the method name in the Action is not driven by its name in the front end, but by the Locale independent key into the resource bundle. As the key i

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd