Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Concept of events and events listeners and events handlers, Question: (...

Question: (a) State and explain clearly FIVE new features of Actionscript 3.0 as compared to Actionscript 2.0. (b) Explain clearly the concept of events and events listen

What is bean factory, A BeanFactory is like a factory class that having a c...

A BeanFactory is like a factory class that having a collection of beans. The BeanFactory holds Bean Definitions of multiple beans within itself and then instantiates the bean whene

Explain the execute phase of java program development, Explain the Execute ...

Explain the Execute phase of Java Program Development Finally in phase computer, under the control of its CPU, interprets program one bytecode at a time. Hence performing

Explain difference between the boolean and operator, What is the difference...

What is the difference between the Boolean & operator and the && operator? If an expression including the Boolean & operator is evaluated, both operands are evaluated. Then the

What is the problem along with relational database, What is the problem alo...

What is the problem along with Relational Database and what solution you could suggest for it? When we store object orientated data within RDBMS it required to translate in to

Explain what is fontmetrics in java, Explain what is FontMetrics in Java? ...

Explain what is FontMetrics in Java? No word wrapping is completed when you draw a string in an applet, even if you embed newlines in the string along with \n. If you expect th

What is linear search, What is linear search? It is the simplest form o...

What is linear search? It is the simplest form of search. It searches for the element sequentially starting from first element. This search has a drawback if element is located

Difference b/w redirecting a request and forwarding request, Both function...

Both functions send you to a new resource like JSP, Servlet etc.     Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE

Java program that reads in a file of products, Write a Java program called ...

Write a Java program called SalesInfoMiner that reads in a file of products, stored in text format (2 lines per entry). The program must then read in information about past sales t

Explain how java allows the constraints on a generic type, Consider the fol...

Consider the following C++ template class. #include using namespace std; template class SortedList { public: SortedList() {size = 0;} void insert(T item); friend ostrea

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd