Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Relate in brief - microsoft vs java, Relate in brief - Microsoft vs Java ...

Relate in brief - Microsoft vs Java Microsoft hates Java, as a Java program (portable) isn't tied to any particular operating system. If Java is popular, then programs written

Prepare a small android application, Android App Project Description: ...

Android App Project Description: I am seeking an experienced individual to prepare a small android application The only difference is that I would like movement to be done

What are stored procedures? how is it useful?, A stored procedure is a set ...

A stored procedure is a set of statements/commands which reside in the database. The stored procedure is pre-compiled and keeps the database the effort of parsing and compiling sql

Design a payroll system, For your project, you will be designing a payroll ...

For your project, you will be designing a payroll system for a company. The company will use the system to generate payroll reports based on different kinds of employees in the com

Need basic ide with plug-ins, Need Basic IDE with Plug-ins Project Descr...

Need Basic IDE with Plug-ins Project Description: I am seeking someone to create me a Basic IDE that is able to install custom created plug-ins using Java. What I need you

Create java threads, Create a thread in either a C or a Java program and ru...

Create a thread in either a C or a Java program and run it. The thread should read a keyboard value "x" and exit from the code, or it can also use an "ESC" to exit. That is, the t

What is an abstract class, What is an abstract class? Abstract class mu...

What is an abstract class? Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie. you may not

Explain the both hashset and treeset, Explain the both HashSet and TreeSet?...

Explain the both HashSet and TreeSet? HashSet is an unordered, unsorted Set. It's a Collection set which restrict duplicate elements and also repositioning of elements. I

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd