Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

Class of crustacea - ostracoda, Class of Crustacea - Ostracoda General...

Class of Crustacea - Ostracoda Generally called mussel or seed-shrimps, Ostracoda include both fresh water and marine forms. The small crustaceans, computing a few mm have the

Explain micropener - non-surgical endodontic retreatment, Explain Micropene...

Explain Micropener - Non-surgical Endodontic Retreatment        They are iso-colour coded flexible, StSt hand instruments It has with 7mm k-type flutes, It is ava

What is cuticle, What is Cuticle? The nonliving, and noncellular outer ...

What is Cuticle? The nonliving, and noncellular outer layer of an organism secreted by underlying epidermis. Cuticles are common in a range of animals including nematodes, anne

What does boiling do to an enzyme, What does boiling do to an enzyme? Enz...

What does boiling do to an enzyme? Enzymes are denatured (their shape is changed so it doesn't work) when boiled.

What is the logic of the transfusional compatibility, What is the logic of ...

What is the logic of the transfusional compatibility concerning the Rh blood group system? The Rh + donor can only donate blood to the Rh + recipient. The person that lacks t

What is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, What is the etiol...

What is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis? How is the disease transmitted and what are its typical manifestations? The etiological agent of cutaneous leishmanias

Is there chloroplasts in cyanobacteria, Q. Is there chloroplasts in cyanoba...

Q. Is there chloroplasts in cyanobacteria? In cyanobacteria there is no chloroplast and the chlorophyll layers are dispersed in cytosol.

Why is it important for chromosomes to be condensed, Why is it important fo...

Why is it important for chromosomes to be condensed during mitosis and decondensed during interphase? During mitosis the major problem to be solved is the correct separation of

What is choanoflagellate. explain in brief., What is Choanoflagellate? Expl...

What is Choanoflagellate? Explain in brief. The protozoans which resemble the choanocyte cells found in sponges. They have a collar of microvilli which surround a central flage

Taxonomy, classification tree for pisces

classification tree for pisces

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd