Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

What are the main types of waste, Q. What are the main types of waste? ...

Q. What are the main types of waste? The waste can be classified into many kinds, each of them carrying its own different environmental problem: recyclable waste, organic waste

DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light, DNA damage caused by ultraviolet li...

DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light: 1. Cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimer is the major photoproduct formed 2. A second product, 6-4 photoproduct, is formed in about 10 % of UV i

Explain iron balance and regulation of iron absorption, Explain Iron Balanc...

Explain Iron Balance and Regulation of Iron Absorption? The body has three unique mechanisms for maintaining iron balance. The first is the continuous reutilization of iron fro

Explain the types of classification of plants, Q. Explain the types of clas...

Q. Explain the types of classification of plants? It is practically impossible for anyone to study all the plants of the world, 'even if one spends whole life. Thus, it is nece

Explain about the ocular haemodynamics, Explain about the Ocular Haemodynam...

Explain about the Ocular Haemodynamics. The pressure in the ocular arteries can be measured by optical ophthalmodynamometer. The intraocular pressure is raised to the level tha

Calcium channel blockers, Calcium antagonists are not recommended for the t...

Calcium antagonists are not recommended for the treatment of CHF because of their negative inotropic effects. However, second-generation dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonists su

Define functions of inorganic phosphorus, Define Functions of Inorganic Pho...

Define Functions of Inorganic Phosphorus? The major functions of inorganic phosphorus include: a) Structural component of bones and teeth: Phosphorus is a part of calcium ph

Define type of chemical reaction used in volumetric analysis, Define the Ty...

Define the Type of chemical reaction used in volumetric analysis? The titration has to be based on some rapid chemical reaction. Although any type of chemical reactions may be

Define mobilization of bone calcium and phosphorous, Define Mobilization of...

Define Mobilization of bone calcium and phosphorous? It is now firmly established that vitamin D 3 is metabloized first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH- D) (calcicl

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd