Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

Parasites - biological stress, Parasites - Biological Stress Many inse...

Parasites - Biological Stress Many insects and microorganisms can feed upon tissues and saps of living plants. Hence plants must be protected against such parasites either by

Endothelium derived relaxing factors, Vasoactive substances such as Endothe...

Vasoactive substances such as Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factors (EDRF). Prostacyclin and Endothelin can be formed in the vascular endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction can lead t

State the definition of bio-medical waste, State the definition of Bio-medi...

State the definition of Bio-medical waste 'Bio-medical waste' means any solid and/or liquid waste including its container and any intermediate product, which is generated durin

Illustrate meiotic division, Q. In which meiotic division does the separati...

Q. In which meiotic division does the separation of the homologous take place and what are the ploidies of the generated cells after the end of that process? The separation of

What are enzyme cofactors, What are enzyme cofactors? Some enzymes requ...

What are enzyme cofactors? Some enzymes require other associated molecules to work. These molecules are known as enzyme cofactors and they can be, for example, organic ions lik

Tissue valves -surgical techniques, Tissue Valves :  Tissue valves mo...

Tissue Valves :  Tissue valves mounted on a frame with a sewing ring are inserted by the same technique as used in the case of prosthetic valves.

Is there vaccine against tuberculosis, Is there vaccine against tuberculosi...

Is there vaccine against tuberculosis? The vaccine against tuberculosis is known as BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin). BCG is not used in some countries where tuberculosis is not

Animal biodiversity, Discuss why Obelia is considered to be of special inte...

Discuss why Obelia is considered to be of special interest in Zoology as an animal showing an intermediate grade of organization.

Explain what is meant by ovulation, a) Explain what is meant by ovulation. ...

a) Explain what is meant by ovulation. b)  How often does it happen in humans?   (a) Ovulation is the release of an ovum from a mature follicle in the ovary.

SYMBIOTIC THEORY, WHAT IS SYMBIOTIC THEORY. PLEASE EXPLAIN THIS TO ME IN A ...

WHAT IS SYMBIOTIC THEORY. PLEASE EXPLAIN THIS TO ME IN A VERY SIMPLE WAY.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd