Explain long-term risk estimation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain Long-term Risk Estimation ?

Many studies have examined long-term risks associated with risk factors using traditional epidemiological methods. Framingha investigators examined well and women between 40 to 50 and followed them up to find out their overall survival and CVD free survival a1 85 years and beyond. Factors associated with survival to age 85 included female gender, lower systolic BP, IOMWI' tot01 cholesterol, better glucose tolerance, no current stoking and higher level of education attained. In presence of adverse levels of four of these factors in middle age, fewer than 5 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women survived to age 85.

In another study, men and women with a low risk factor burden (serum cholesterol < 200mg/dl, untreated BP 5 120/80 mmHg, no current smoking, no diabetes and no major ECG abnormalities) in middle age had 73-85 per cent lower visit of' CVD mortality, 40-60 per cent lower total mortality and 6-10 years greater life expectancy.

The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in industries have shown that risk factor burden in middle age is associated with quality of life at follow-up in older age. A Finnish study also observed that cholesterol levels in middle aged men were associated with total mortality and quality of life over 39 years of follow-up.

When taken together, all these studies confirm long-term protection with low Risk factor burden and substantial long-term risks associated with adverse baseline values of CVD risk factors.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain long-term risk estimation

Change in symptoms of aortic stenosis, Q. Change in symptoms of aortic sten...

Q. Change in symptoms of aortic stenosis? Asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis patient needs to be followed once in a year or even more frequently. Patients with moderate aortic

Which cell count elevates in case of allergy or plastic worm, Which cell co...

Which cell count is likely to be elevated when an individual has an allergy or parasitic worms? a) Red blood cells b) Erythrocyte c) Eosinophil (pron: e-o-sin-o-fill)

What is stem cell therapy, What is Stem cell therapy Most defects / dis...

What is Stem cell therapy Most defects / diseases treated by stem cell therapy are not genetic in origin so the therapy will have no impact on gene pool in terms of change in f

Are the arteries constituted of more muscle tissue, Q. Are the veins or the...

Q. Are the veins or the arteries constituted of more muscle tissue? How different are the walls of these two kinds of blood vessels? The arterial system has thicker muscle wall

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment planning, Guidelines for diagnosis a...

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment planning The diagnosis and planning the case is by far the most important step in the entire sequence of the treatment and due considerat

Explain unacceptable aesthetics, Unacceptable Aesthetics The implant wh...

Unacceptable Aesthetics The implant which has successfully integrated with bone may still be a failure if the Prosthesis which it is designed to support does not meet with the

How water balance take place in human body, How Water Balance Take Place in...

How Water Balance Take Place in Human Body? The amount of fluid in the body is tightly controlled because imbalance can be devastating. In a normal individual, the maintenance

Products of cleavage - morula and blastula, Products of Cleavage (Morula an...

Products of Cleavage (Morula and blastula) In several cases, the blastomeres in early cleaving stages tend to presume spherical shape like that of the egg earlier than cleava

Precursors for gluconeogenesis, Glycerol can act as a substrate for glucose...

Glycerol can act as a substrate for glucose synthesis by conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and an intermediate in gluconeogenesis.  In  order  for citric  acid  cycle pyruva

Stabilisation - climax, Stabilisation - Climax The whole process of s...

Stabilisation - Climax The whole process of succession results in stabilisation of the vegetation which is now in complete harmony with the environmental complex of that plac

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd