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Explain Instance and schemas?
Instances and schemas: Databases changes over time as the information is deleted and inserted. The collection of information stored in database at a particular moment in time is known as Instances and the whole design of database is known as schemas.
Define Shared locks? Ans: Shared lock: Throughout concurrent execution of transactions, earlier than a transaction can access a data item, it has to obtain a lock on it. Now he
Produce a set of relations (equivalent to the Finkelstein entity list) in third normal form (3NF) from the following un-normalised relation. You must use the Finkelstein methodolog
What is Collation Collation is a kind of sort order. There are majorly 3 types of sort orders, namely: i.) Dictionary case insensitive ii.)Dictionary - case sensitive
Limitations of File Based System The file-based system has some limitations. The limitations are listed as follows: Isolation and separation of data: When the data is
What is disadvantage of multiple inheritances? There is potential ambiguity if the similar variable or method can be inherited from more than one superclass.eg: student class m
There are two major types of fragmentation: Horizontal& Vertical. Horizontal fragments, as the name suggests are subsets of tuples and vertical fragments are subsets of attributes
Using SQL create a view RS for the relations R and S. The view consists of the columns A and D renamed as X and Y in that order. Insert a tuple into it. Show the contents of t
What is the use of sub queries? A sub query is a select-from-where expression that is nested with in another query. A common use of sub queries is to do tests for set membershi
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
Define Assertions in SQL a. An assertion is a predicate that is expressing a condition we wish the database to always satisfy. b. Domain constraints, functional dependency
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