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Q. Explain Inductorless Filters
Inductorless (Active) Filters
Filters (used to pass or eliminate certain frequency components of a signal) that are suitable for IC fabrication, but which do not contain inductors, are known as active filters. They have the op amp as a common component. Figure 5.4.13 shows the basic op-amp circuit with frequency-dependent impedances. The voltage gain or voltage transfer function of this circuit is given by
with Zi = Ri and Zf = Rf (1/j ωCf ) (i.e., Rf and Cf in parallel). We have a low-pass filter with
is sketched in Figure 5.4.14, from which one can see that at the half-power or 3-dB point of fl, the dc value Rf /Ri goes down by a factor of 1/ √ 2 or 0.707. With Zf = Rf and Zi = Ri + 1/j ωCi (i.e., Ri and Ci in series), we have a high-pass filter for which we obtain
Explain Superconductivity. Superconductivity - The resistivity of most metals rises with rise in temperature and vice-versa. There are several metals and chemical compounds
Fermi Dirac level: Sol. The Fermi level is simply a reference energy level. It is the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron n energy unit above it in
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The field resistance of a dc machine is 50 ohm at 20 o C. The resistance increases to 55 ohm at 50 o C. Find the temperature coefficient of the resistance material. Ans: Sol
Q. Explain the operation of oscillators. Oscillator is a circuit that changes dc energy from the power supply into ac energy. An amplifier provided with a positive feedback bec
region of convergence of (Z+2)*(12z-1)/((3z-1)*(4z+1 ))
why is detecting the time of islanding relevant?
1. A PCM system uses 8 bits per sample and the analog signal is limited to 4.3 kHz. The PCM data is transmitted using (a) BFSK and (b) ASK. Determine the bandwidth required for tra
Q. What is the speciality of a darlington transistor? A darlington pair behaves like a single transistor with a very high current gain. The total gain of the darlington is the
Determine RMS and average value: Determine RMS and average value of the output of half wave rectifier. Solution The waveform of current, output of the half wave rectif
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