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Q. Explain Inductorless Filters
Inductorless (Active) Filters
Filters (used to pass or eliminate certain frequency components of a signal) that are suitable for IC fabrication, but which do not contain inductors, are known as active filters. They have the op amp as a common component. Figure 5.4.13 shows the basic op-amp circuit with frequency-dependent impedances. The voltage gain or voltage transfer function of this circuit is given by
with Zi = Ri and Zf = Rf (1/j ωCf ) (i.e., Rf and Cf in parallel). We have a low-pass filter with
is sketched in Figure 5.4.14, from which one can see that at the half-power or 3-dB point of fl, the dc value Rf /Ri goes down by a factor of 1/ √ 2 or 0.707. With Zf = Rf and Zi = Ri + 1/j ωCi (i.e., Ri and Ci in series), we have a high-pass filter for which we obtain
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Q. The self and mutual inductances of a machine with two windings are given by L 11 = (1 +sin θ), L 22 = 2(1 + sin θ), and L 12 = L 21 = M = (1-sin θ). Assuming θ = 45°, and le
The magnetic field can be supplied by coils supplied from the output of the generator itself. This is known as self-excitation.There are three ways that the field coils can be conn
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Q. pn-Junction under Bias? Let an external source be connected between the p- and n-regions, as shown in Figure (a). (b) shows the circuit representation of the pn-junction or
Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits The total power delivered by a three-phase source, or consumed by a three-phase load, is found simply by adding the power in each of the
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Compute the mutual inductance: A long single layer solenoid has an effective diameter of 10 cm and it is wound with 1000 turns/m. There is a small concentrated coil with its p
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