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Q. Explain Inductorless Filters
Inductorless (Active) Filters
Filters (used to pass or eliminate certain frequency components of a signal) that are suitable for IC fabrication, but which do not contain inductors, are known as active filters. They have the op amp as a common component. Figure 5.4.13 shows the basic op-amp circuit with frequency-dependent impedances. The voltage gain or voltage transfer function of this circuit is given by
with Zi = Ri and Zf = Rf (1/j ωCf ) (i.e., Rf and Cf in parallel). We have a low-pass filter with
is sketched in Figure 5.4.14, from which one can see that at the half-power or 3-dB point of fl, the dc value Rf /Ri goes down by a factor of 1/ √ 2 or 0.707. With Zf = Rf and Zi = Ri + 1/j ωCi (i.e., Ri and Ci in series), we have a high-pass filter for which we obtain
For a helical antenna, the half-power beamwidth and directive gain are given by where C = πD, N = L/S, and S = C tan α,in which α is called the pitch angle, and The
Q. What is Discrete signals? Discrete signals, on the other hand, exist only at specific instances of time, and as such, their functional description is valid only for discrete
For the circuit of Fig 1a: (i) Using Ohm's Law , determine the equivalent resistance across the battery (ii) determine the current through each resistor (iii) the arrang
Q. Obtain the Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits for the portion of the circuit to the left of terminals a-b in Figure, and find the current in the 200- resistance.
an ideal dc generator has voltage reguiation
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charactersticks of pn junction
A zipper has N links every link has a state in which it is closed with energy 0 and a state in which it is open with energy 0 We require that the zipper only unzip from one side (s
At what value of electric field at a junction does zener breakdown takes place
When both MT 2 and Gate are positive In this junction P 1 N 1 and P 2 N 2 are forward biased whereas junction N 1 P 2 is reverse biased. The gate current flows thr
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