Explain in details aerobic respiration, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain in details Aerobic Respiration?

The pyruvate produced in glycolysis is further broken down in most organisms. This process, called aerobic respiration, requires gaseous oxygen and yields far more energy than glycolysis. Aerobic respiration is divided into two processes: the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain, which produces ATP through chemiosmotic phosphorylation. The chemical reactions that occur can be summarized as follows:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that dismantles pyruvic acid molecules, and removes energy remaining in its chemical bonds. This energy is then converted into a usable form by the electron transport chain. Matrix, the protein-rich fluid enclosed by the inner membrane.

Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. This conversion involves the removal of a CO2 molecule to make acetyl, and the loss of electrons (oxidation) to NAD+, forming NADH, a high energy electron carrier molecule. An enzyme called coenzyme A is combined with the remaining acetyl to make acetyl CoA which is then fed into the Krebs Cycle. The steps in the Krebs Cycle are summarized below:
(1) The acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate from the Krebs cycle to form citrate.
(2) Citrate restructures itself to form isocitrate, an isomer of citrate.
(3) Isocitrate is oxidized to form the 5-carbon a-ketoglutarate, releasing one molecule of CO2, and reducing NAD+ to NADH + H+.
(4) The a-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, yielding CO2 and NADH + H+.
(5) Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A in a process that converts ADP to ATP.
(6) Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, converting FAD to FADH2.
(7) Fumarate combines with H2O to form malate.
(8) Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, reducing NAD+to NADH + H+.
The cycle has now returned to the beginning. Since glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle is entered twice for each molecule of glucose, and produces six NADH + H+, two FADH2, and two ATP. Note that glycolysis and the Krebs cycle together yield only a net of 4 molecules of ATP, which are produced directly through what are referred to as substrate phosphorylations. This amounts to less than 4 percent of the total energy available in the glucose molecule.


Related Discussions:- Explain in details aerobic respiration

What are the main biological functions of water, Q. What are the main biolo...

Q. What are the main biological functions of water? Water is the basic solvent for chemical reactions of living beings; it is the main means of substance transportation in the

Reducing cost of accident, Reducing Cost of Accident One clear way to ...

Reducing Cost of Accident One clear way to control the cost of accident would be to follow all the rules of book for safety. All the methods of safety which were described ear

Structure of vertebrate skeletal muscles, Normal 0 false fals...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Elaborate extracorporial in detail, Elaborate Extracorporial in detail. ...

Elaborate Extracorporial in detail. Outside of the body. An example is extracorporial digestion found in some animals where digestive enzymes are regurgitated into food. Once i

Explain leaf silhouettes, Leaf silhouettes Place a leaf on a sheet of w...

Leaf silhouettes Place a leaf on a sheet of white paper and hold it securely with thumb or finger. Press a piece of natural or artificial sponge next to an ink pad. With short,

Type of disease identified chromosomes present in karyotype, Which type of ...

Which type of genetic disease can be identified from the visual analysis of the number of chromosomes present in a karyotype? The counting and the identification of chromosomes

Assessment of regional wall motion abnormality, Q. What is Regional wall mo...

Q. What is Regional wall motion abnormality? Ans. A critical occlusion of a coronary artery leads to myocardial ischemia which is manifested as regional wall motion abnorm

Preparation of tlc plate, i want to extract my compound of interest from tl...

i want to extract my compound of interest from tlc i m finding some enzyme inhbitor from microbial source can you plzz suggest me how to prepare nad get my compound

Nitrification - nutrient cycles, Nitrification - Nutrient Cycles Ammon...

Nitrification - Nutrient Cycles Ammonia or ammonium salts, are converted into nitrate in a process termed nitrification to be useful to most autotrophic and heterotrophic orga

Explain supravalvular aortic stenosis murmur, Explain Supravalvular aortic ...

Explain Supravalvular aortic stenosis murmur? Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis Murmur : Characteristic: Murmur may be loudest in 1st Right ICS. It isn't associated with systolic

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd