Explain in details aerobic respiration, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain in details Aerobic Respiration?

The pyruvate produced in glycolysis is further broken down in most organisms. This process, called aerobic respiration, requires gaseous oxygen and yields far more energy than glycolysis. Aerobic respiration is divided into two processes: the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain, which produces ATP through chemiosmotic phosphorylation. The chemical reactions that occur can be summarized as follows:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that dismantles pyruvic acid molecules, and removes energy remaining in its chemical bonds. This energy is then converted into a usable form by the electron transport chain. Matrix, the protein-rich fluid enclosed by the inner membrane.

Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. This conversion involves the removal of a CO2 molecule to make acetyl, and the loss of electrons (oxidation) to NAD+, forming NADH, a high energy electron carrier molecule. An enzyme called coenzyme A is combined with the remaining acetyl to make acetyl CoA which is then fed into the Krebs Cycle. The steps in the Krebs Cycle are summarized below:
(1) The acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate from the Krebs cycle to form citrate.
(2) Citrate restructures itself to form isocitrate, an isomer of citrate.
(3) Isocitrate is oxidized to form the 5-carbon a-ketoglutarate, releasing one molecule of CO2, and reducing NAD+ to NADH + H+.
(4) The a-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, yielding CO2 and NADH + H+.
(5) Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A in a process that converts ADP to ATP.
(6) Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, converting FAD to FADH2.
(7) Fumarate combines with H2O to form malate.
(8) Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, reducing NAD+to NADH + H+.
The cycle has now returned to the beginning. Since glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle is entered twice for each molecule of glucose, and produces six NADH + H+, two FADH2, and two ATP. Note that glycolysis and the Krebs cycle together yield only a net of 4 molecules of ATP, which are produced directly through what are referred to as substrate phosphorylations. This amounts to less than 4 percent of the total energy available in the glucose molecule.


Related Discussions:- Explain in details aerobic respiration

What is polymerase chain reaction, Which of the following is a false statem...

Which of the following is a false statement regarding Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? A. PCR is a modified version of cellular replication that is used to amplify small amount

Two traits are involved in a genetic cross, In his experiments, Mendel note...

In his experiments, Mendel noted that when two traits are involved in a genetic cross, they are inherited independently of each other. The reason for this is that A. genes on the s

Show some examples of migratory animals, Q. What are some examples of migra...

Q. What are some examples of migratory animals? Instance of the migratory animals are southern right whales from Antarctica, that procreate on the Brazilian coast; the migrator

Blood pressure, An adequate level of pressure is needed in the arteries to ...

An adequate level of pressure is needed in the arteries to keep the blood flowing through the cardiovascular system. The chief determinant of arterial pressure is the volume of blo

What is the significance of magnesium for plants, What is the significance ...

What is the significance of magnesium for plants? What are the other main biological functions of magnesium? Magnesium is fundamentally significant for plants because it is par

Synthetic conduits, Synthetic Conduits Dacron, Polytetra fluro ethylen...

Synthetic Conduits Dacron, Polytetra fluro ethylene (PTFE) and polyglycolic acid grafts have extremely poor results and are not used any more.

Human respiratory system - larynx, LARYN X - Study of larynx is kno...

LARYN X - Study of larynx is known as Laryngeology. In man it is more prominent than woman known as Adam's apple. It is sound producing organ. At its base trachea presen

Define the marasmic kwashiorkor, Define the Marasmic Kwashiorkor? In co...

Define the Marasmic Kwashiorkor? In countries where the incidence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is high, a large number of cases show signs and symptoms of marasmus and

Germ layers - metazoa, Germ Layers - Metazoa The infolding of the blas...

Germ Layers - Metazoa The infolding of the blastoderm of the blastula forms a gastrula with two or more layers. The outer layer is the ectoderm' and the endoderm lines the inn

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd