Explain in details aerobic respiration, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain in details Aerobic Respiration?

The pyruvate produced in glycolysis is further broken down in most organisms. This process, called aerobic respiration, requires gaseous oxygen and yields far more energy than glycolysis. Aerobic respiration is divided into two processes: the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain, which produces ATP through chemiosmotic phosphorylation. The chemical reactions that occur can be summarized as follows:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that dismantles pyruvic acid molecules, and removes energy remaining in its chemical bonds. This energy is then converted into a usable form by the electron transport chain. Matrix, the protein-rich fluid enclosed by the inner membrane.

Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. This conversion involves the removal of a CO2 molecule to make acetyl, and the loss of electrons (oxidation) to NAD+, forming NADH, a high energy electron carrier molecule. An enzyme called coenzyme A is combined with the remaining acetyl to make acetyl CoA which is then fed into the Krebs Cycle. The steps in the Krebs Cycle are summarized below:
(1) The acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate from the Krebs cycle to form citrate.
(2) Citrate restructures itself to form isocitrate, an isomer of citrate.
(3) Isocitrate is oxidized to form the 5-carbon a-ketoglutarate, releasing one molecule of CO2, and reducing NAD+ to NADH + H+.
(4) The a-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, yielding CO2 and NADH + H+.
(5) Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A in a process that converts ADP to ATP.
(6) Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, converting FAD to FADH2.
(7) Fumarate combines with H2O to form malate.
(8) Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, reducing NAD+to NADH + H+.
The cycle has now returned to the beginning. Since glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle is entered twice for each molecule of glucose, and produces six NADH + H+, two FADH2, and two ATP. Note that glycolysis and the Krebs cycle together yield only a net of 4 molecules of ATP, which are produced directly through what are referred to as substrate phosphorylations. This amounts to less than 4 percent of the total energy available in the glucose molecule.


Related Discussions:- Explain in details aerobic respiration

Psychosocial problems, PSYCHOSOCIA L PROBLEMS  - 1 .       Accidental...

PSYCHOSOCIA L PROBLEMS  - 1 .       Accidental injury - Automobile accidents are no. 1 killers of adolescents, as they drive often fast. 2 .       Depression - I

Find initial osmotic pressure on room temperature of a cell, Find the initi...

Find the initial osmotic pressure at room temperature of a cell if the only ions present are CaCl2 on either side of the membrane. Assume the concentrastions for K+ and Cl- from Ta

Explain nutritional support management for radiation therapy, Explain Nutri...

Explain Nutritional Support Management for radiation therapy? For managing these patients on radiation therapy, the following measures can be under taken: 1. Administration

Chromosome partitioning depends on polymerization state, Chromosome partiti...

Chromosome partitioning depends on changes in the polymerization state of bacterial proteins that are functionally analogous to what eukaryotic protein?

Regulation of the renal function, Q. Which are the three hormones that part...

Q. Which are the three hormones that participate in the regulation of the renal function? Antidiuretic hormone or ADH or vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor (or ANF) and ald

Historical example for scaling from individual to ecosystems, Define Histor...

Define Historical example for scaling from individual to ecosystems? Biological oceanographers have long utilized physiologically based models like the Droop model, which reduc

Define light source of microscope, Define Light Source of Microscope? I...

Define Light Source of Microscope? It is either mirror or electric illuminator present at the base. Identify the mirror in Figure. Some microscopes have reversible mirror with

The lower course - classification of the river, The lower course - Classifi...

The lower course - Classification of the river The lower course of the river occurs in the plains, across which it meanders or zigzags slowly. The river here loses much of its

Main source of energy for living beings on earth, Q What is the main source...

Q What is the main source of energy for living beings on earth? The sun, center of our planetary system and star of the Milky Way galaxy (our galaxy), is the source of the ener

A monohybrid cross, A monohybrid cross: A.Determines the genetic makeup of ...

A monohybrid cross: A.Determines the genetic makeup of an organism B.always involves homozygous alleles. C.always involves organisms that are heterozygous at all loci. D.Always inv

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd