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Explain how the associations are implemented as classes.
A general approach in this case is to transform an association class into a simple class linked to two original classes with the two new associations, as shown in Figure.
Figure: Transforming the association into a class
The Concurrent Transactions Almost every commercial DBMS support multi-user environment. Therefore, allowing multiple transactions to proceed concurrently. The DBMS must make
a) Suppose we updated the catalog tables in real time, that is, after every update, insert, or delete SQL statement were executed-rather than only running RUNSTATS once every few
what is er digram given that example of hospital,bank and library er digram.
Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS? Data dictionary and transaction log are two files used during operation of the DBMS.
Representing complex relationship among data A database may contain varieties of data interrelated to each other in numerous ways. A DBMS must have the capability to represent
Explain the differences between structured data and unstructured data. Structured data are facts concerning objects and events. The most significant structured data are numeric
Why is database redesign necessary? Database redesign is essential for two reasons. First, redesign is essential both to fix mistakes made during the initial database design. S
Mention the various user privileges All privileges directly granted to the user or role. All privileges granted to roles that have been granted to the user or role.
Decompose the table with the following description and functional dependencies into a set of equivalent tables normalized to 3NF or BCNF. A long-standing international treaty am
If the insertion violates one or more constraints, then two alternatives are available: Default option: - Insertion can be discarded and the reason of refusal can also be ex
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