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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
External Interrupt: Interrupt signal came from input-output devices connected external to processor. These interrupts depend on external conditions that are independent of the
Which techniques are utilized to gain on the number pairs and also explain how it helps in connecting number of subscribers. In rural areas, subscribers are usually dispersed.
Q. What is Combinational circuits? Combinational circuits are interconnected circuits of gates according to definite rules to generate an output relying on its input value. A w
Q. Explain 4 bit Ripple counter with necessary diagram. Q. Explain JK Master-slave Flip-flop with block diagram and logic design. Q. Explain JK flip-flop using SR flip-flop
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Illustrate the categories of micro computers Micro computers are usually categorized into desktop models and laptop models. They are awfully limited in what they can do when c
State the term- $display and $write $display and $write two are the same except which $display always prints a newline character at the end of its execution.
Explain Asymmetric cryptographyand its components. Asymmetric or public-key cryptography be different from conventional cryptography in which key material is bound to a single
Hard Disk Technology: Figure of a computer hard disk drive HDDs record data by magnetizing ferromagnetic material directionally, to represent
describe the block diagram of a system showing the following microprocessor memory system buses
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