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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Describe the VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE Most of present computer designs are based on idea developed by John vonNeumann referred to as the VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE. V
What is the command used to replace many characters in Vi Editor? Ans) For replace most of the character in vi editor press esc key and then press R for change many character.
Q. Make a generalized program that accepts a number & base, convert it into the given base. Perform necessary validations.
Question: (a) Primary and secondary memory differs in their way they access data: (i) Mention the four generic access methods usually present in a computer system. (ii) E
Discuss scales and sludge
Direct or random access of elements is not possible in:- In Linked list direct or random access of elements is not possible
Define the Example Client-server Implementations Once you accept the client-server mindset, the process of architecting and developing applications becomes rather easy. Clearly
We perform load testing once we are completed with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and difficult. Whereas one user testing primarily on functionality
Signaling - Universal Serial Bus: USB supports following signaling rates: o A low speed rate of 1.5 Mbit/s is defined by USB 1.0. This is so much similar to "full speed"
"Super ASCII", if it contains the character frequency equal to their ascii values. String will contain only lower case alphabets (''a''-''z'') and the ascii values will starts from
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