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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
what is the basic diff between mbr and mdr
What is a thread? A thread otherwise called a lightweight process (LWP) is a basic unit of CPU utilization, it comprises of a thread id, a program counter, a register set and a
In order to suppress the leading zeroes of a number field the which keywords is used ? NO-ZERO.
Explain various classes of datatypes of C Following are the main classes of data types in C language: 1. Primary data types: Also called as fundamental/basic data types
#example of cascading rollback#
Write a procedure which divides a 32-bit number by a 16-bit number. The procedure must be general which is it's defined in one module and can be called from another assembly module
Add -20 to +26 by using 2's complement ? Ans. Firstly convert the both numbers 20 and 26 in its 8-bit binary equivalent and determine the 2's complement of 20, after that add -
How do I update an existing copy of the source to the current version? Ans) As the common code changes, you might need to update your copy to have the lastest version. To do tha
It is a 16 bit special function register in the 8085 microprocessor. It remains track of the next memory address of the instruction that is to be implemented once the implementatio
The goal of hashing is to produce a search that takes O(1) time
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