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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Paging Unit Paging mechanism functions with 4K - byte memory pages or with a new extension available to Pentium with 4M byte-memory pages. In the Pentium, with the new 4M-byt
Explain Priority encoder with an example. Ans. Priority encoder- Basically an encoder is a combinational circuit which performs the inverse operation of a decoder. The inp
Explain Garbage collection In this method two passes are made over the memory to identify new areas. In the first pass it traverses all pointers pointing to allocated areas an
In this portion you would see how to put tables in your web documents. It isn't that a table is simply a combination of rows and columns. If you have ever seen any table in an attr
Explain Concurrent Sharing Here a number of programs that may share a file simultaneously. While this is the case, it is necessary to prevent mutual interference among them. Th
What is SAP locking? It is a mechanism for describing and applying logical locks to database objects.
What are the objectives of USB? a) Simple b) Low cost c) Easy to use d) Supports wide range of data transfer characteristics e) Plug and play mode of operation
Q.Joint Application Development session leader? JAD session leader: JAD leader organizes and runs the JAD. This person is trained in group management and facilitation as well
Q. Calculate Register Transfer Time? A clock isn't included explicitly in any statements discussed above. But it is presumed that all transfers take place during clock edge tra
Second Generation (1954-1962) The second generation saw various significant developments at every level of computer system design, from technology used to build the basic circu
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