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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Fred, Barney and Ralph belong to the La Trobe Mountain Club. Every member of the Club is either a skier or a hiker. Anyone that doesn't like snow does not like skiing. No hikers li
Handler's Classification In 1977, Wolfgang Handler proposed an detailed notation for expressing the parallelism and pipelining of computers. Handler's classification addresses
To work with Internet as well as to utilize its facilities we use certain tools. For illustration, Telnet is a tool, which is utilized for logging on remote computers on the Intern
How to Creating a Key Pair You can make a key pair using the Strong Name tool (Sn.exe). Key pair files usually have an .snk extension. To create a key pair at the command
in asp project is i have to crate database every time when i move my project on different server
When investing money, an important concept to know is compound interest. The equation FV = PV (1+rate)periods . This relates the following four quantities. The present value (PV)
definion,concept?
A common task for a system administrator is to create new user accounts. In this lab you will be creating output that looks like an /etc/passwd file. The Problem You are to
Q. How to reduce total amount of disk space in FTP? FTP service compress files to reduce total amount of disk space the files require. Before transferring a file user should te
Give the circuit of a TTL NAND gate and explain its operation in brief. Ans: Operation of TTL NAND Gate: Fig.(d) Demonstrates a TTL NAND gate with a totem pole output.
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