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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Determine the analog output voltage of 6-bit DAC (R-2R ladder network) with Vref as 5V when the digital input is 011100. Ans. The analog output for 6-bit R-2R DAC ladder network
Q. What do you mean by Perfect Shuffle Permutation? Perfect Shuffle Permutation: It was proposed by Harold Stone (1971). Consider N objects each is represented by n bit number
Can you tell me some of system tasks and their purpose? $display, $displayb, $displayh, $displayo, $write, $writeb, $writeh, $writeo. The most useful of these is $display. T
what is meant by risk detection in software project management
Explain the basic performance equation Ans: The basic performance equation is following T = N * S/ R T => It is processor time required to execute a program N => act
Explain Shadow Copy Scheme in detail.
Decision Tree Learning: Furthermore there is specified in the last lecture such as the representation scheme we choose to represent our learned solutions and the way that we l
Error-correcting code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that can notice and correct the more general kinds of internal data corruption. ECC memory is used in m
Explain the role of World Wide Web in the field of e-commerce. In the 1990s, the arrival of the World Wide Web on the Internet had shown a turning point in e-commerce by givin
Using a suitable logic diagram explain the working of a 1-to-16 de multiplexer. Ans. 1-to-16 Demultiplexer Working: A demultiplexer obtains in data from one line and directs this
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