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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Q. Perform binary subtraction, using 1s & 2s complement: 1) 1010-1011 2) 0.1111-0.101 3) 11.11-10.111 Q. (192.25)10 - (C0.C)16 = (x)7 Find values of x, using 7's compl
Explain the term recursion A recursive function is one which calls itself. Recursive functions are useful in evaluating certain types of mathematical function. Here is a recursiv
write a short note on the tri state ttl inverter
How is a valid user identifier accomplished? A valid user identifier is accomplished within one or more of given ways: • Provide some password, which only user knows. • P
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Investigate the MIPS programmers model and develop an object-oriented design that will reflect aspects of the MIPS architecture. Consider the functional units of the architecture a
What is Batch processing In this process, a number of tasks (or jobs) are all collected together over a set period of time. They are then all loaded into the computer system (i
Explain The do while loops The do while loops is similar, but the test occurs after the loop body is executed. This ensures that the loop body is run at least once.
Explain File Transfer Protocol . FTP is utilized to exchange files among computer accounts, to transfer files among an account and a desktop computer (upload) or to access softw
Artificial Neural Networks: However imagine now in this example as the inputs to our function were arrays of pixels and there actually taken from photographs of vehicles such
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