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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Likewise to arrays but is preferred over an array due to of the following reasons. 1. A collection objects uses less Memory than an array. 2. It gives methods to add and dele
what is robot?explain different types of robots with respect to joints.
Let us review the operation of the stack within the 68HC11, the stack is a defined area of RAM which is last in first out register (LIFO) . Access to the stack is made via a stack
Control Unit (CU) : Every PEs are under the control of one control unit. CU controls the inter communication among the PEs. There is a local memory of CU also known as CY memory.
Explain Top down parsing. Top down parsing: Specified an input string, top down parsing tries to derive a string identical to this by successive application of grammar rule
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Define briefly about Extranet. Extranet: Extranet is Extension of an Intranet which makes the latter available to outside companies or individuals along with or without
What are the conditions that have to be met for a condition to be an invariant of the class? Ans) ? The condition should hold at the end of each constructor. ? The conditi
Q. How can we write an Interrupt Servicing Routine? The following are the fundamentalthough rigid sequence of steps: 1. Save the system context (flags,registers etc. which
Is the Process before and after the swap are the same? Give reason. Process before swapping is residing in the primary memory in its original form. The regions (text, data and
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