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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
How do you find out the flaw, which of the address getting written wrongly. Fill the full memory once with either random data or sequential data then after filling totally rea
Indirect addressing mode - assembly language: The Indirect addressing mode and the address field of the instruction refers to the address of a word in memory, which in turn co
Define Flowchart. A process of expressing an algorithm by a collection of linked geometric shapes containing explanations of the algorithm's steps.
State 0 Source control is being dragged with the variety of a target. 1 Out of the variety of a target. 2 One position in the target to one another.
The demand placed on a system is explained by a lognormally distributed random variable with mean 50 and standard deviation of 10. The capacity of the system is modeled by a Weibul
Q. What are the elements of an instruction? As the function of instruction is to communicate to CPU what to do it needs a minimum set of communication such as: What op
The output of SR flip flop when S=1, R=0 is ? Ans. When for the SR flip-flop S=set i/p R=reset i/p, as S=1, R=0, Flip-flop will be set means output will be one.
What is the draw back of micro programmed control? It leads to a slower operating speed because of the time it takes to fetch microinstructions from the control store.
Q. Convert the following into POS form 1. (AB + C + DC)(AB + BC + D) 2. WYZ + XYZ + W'X'Y + W'XYZ 3. XY + XZ + X'YZ' 4. (A+B'+C) (AB+AC') 5. F(A,B,C,D)=M(0,3,
What is a multiple line field? A multiple line field is a special part of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data into it.
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