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Explain Domain calculus
Domain calculus is one of the types of the relational calculus. The formal specification of the domain calculus was planned after the development of the QBE system. Domain calculus has the variables range in excess of single value from domains of attributes. To create a relation degree n for a query result, we should have n domain variables - one for each attribute. An expression of the domain calculus is of the form {X | F(X)}
In which F is a formula on X and X denotes a set of domain variables. The expression characterizes X like F(X) is true.
The participation Constraints shows whether the existence of an entity depends on its being associated to another entity by the relationship type. There are two kinds of participat
Explain the two types of participation constraint. Total: The participation of an entity set E in a relationship set R is said to be total if each entity in E participates i
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How to reduce data redundency
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