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Explain differance between Primary and secondary storage ?
Computer storage is classified within primary(main) memory and secondary(peripheral) storage.a) Primary storage is commonly RAM; ~10ns access timeb) Secondary storage is commonly hard disk drives; ~10ms access timec) Secondary storage is a lot cheaper than primary, 3¢/Mb vs.$1/Mb.
a) Databases are stored in secondary memory, and large databases are manipulated in secondary storage.b) We required minimising disk accesses while accessing and manipulating databases.
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
What are the advantages of creating a table from existing table?
Define the concept of aggregation. Give two examples where this concept is useful. Ans: Aggregation transforms a relationship among the objects into a higher-level object. A
deffine class&object
What are called jukebox systems? Jukebox systems have a few drives and numerous disks that can be loaded into single of the drives automatically.
What is Outer join? They can be employed while we want to keep all the tuples in R, or all those in S or all those in both relations in the result of the JOIN in spite of of w
Objectives Define the terms RECOVERY and INTEGRITY; Define Recovery Techniques; Explain Error and Error detection techniques, and Define types of Authorisation.
What is the use of Union and intersection operation? Union: The result of this operation contains all tuples that are either in r1 or in r2 or in both r1 and r2.Duplicate tuple
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
Complete replication: It implies maintaining of a whole copy of the database at every site. Thus, the reliability & availability and performance for query response are maximized.
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