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Explain Data Sublangauges ?
Data sublanguage: In relational database theory, the term sublanguage, first used for this purpose through E. F. Codd in the year of 1970, refers to a computer language used to describe or manipulate the structure and contents of a relational database management system (RDBMS). Typical sublanguages related along with modern RDBMS's are QBE (Query by Example) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
Convert the following ER - diagram (Entity Relationship Diagram) into a relational database (the primary keys are underlined): Ans: The relational database schema f
define lock conversion
What is Structured Query Langauge (SQL)? SQL is a powerful set-oriented language which was formed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It havi
Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed? Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
How to design a formal and exact model How to design a formal and exact model of real-world problems by applying findings of analysis phase of OMT. The object design phase find
What is equi join? Equi Join - It generates all the combinations of tuples from two relations which satisfy a join condition along with only equality comparison (=).
What are the advantages of Logical Databases? It offers a simple-to-use selection screens. You can change the pre-generated selection screen to your needs. It offers check f
Run the following queries. For each query show 1) What you expect the output to be based upon the data 2) the SQL code and 3) the output running the query in Oracle. 1. Show all c
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