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Explain Data Sublangauges ?
Data sublanguage: In relational database theory, the term sublanguage, first used for this purpose through E. F. Codd in the year of 1970, refers to a computer language used to describe or manipulate the structure and contents of a relational database management system (RDBMS). Typical sublanguages related along with modern RDBMS's are QBE (Query by Example) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
Properties of a Transaction A transaction has four main properties. These are: Atomicity Consistency Isolation or Independence Durability or Permanen
external and internal mapping with examples
Produce a set of relations (equivalent to the Finkelstein entity list) in third normal form (3NF) from the following un-normalised relation. You must use the Finkelstein methodolog
What is a SELECT operation? The select operation selects tuples that please a given predicate. We use the lowercase letter σ to denote selection.
A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time. A relation state r of the relation schema R (A 1 ,A 2 ,.....
Explain the concept of a data model ? Data Model - Model is an abstraction procedure which hides irrelevant details although highlighting details relevant to the application
Describe Object Relational model ? Object Relational Model - This model combines the characteristics of both relational model and object oriented model. It extends the tradit
While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file. The SAP profile parameter, which determines DIR_SORTTMP
Explain the disadvantages of a file processing system? Ans: Disadvantages of File Processing Systems include: 1) Data Redundancy 2) Data Inconsistency 3) Difficult to acce
Explain the Cartesian product: The Cartesian product operation does not need relations to union-compatible. The meaning of this is that the involved relations may have dissim
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