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Explain Data Sublangauges ?
Data sublanguage: In relational database theory, the term sublanguage, first used for this purpose through E. F. Codd in the year of 1970, refers to a computer language used to describe or manipulate the structure and contents of a relational database management system (RDBMS). Typical sublanguages related along with modern RDBMS's are QBE (Query by Example) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
Benefits and Limitations od Data Models?
Describe Query evaluation engine? Query Evaluation engine: Vehicle executes low-level instructions obtained through the DML compiler. The Storage Manager Components gives in
Give the two reasons for allowing concurrency
Define the Attribute Inheritance The attributes of a higher level entity set are inherited through a lower level entity set made by specialization-generalization hierarchy. Nam
What are the failures of Controlling Events Between Objects Failure Unintentional termination of system. Several possible causes: failure of system hardware, o
Explain Candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key is a minimal superkey, that can be used to uniquely identify a tuple in the relation.
UNION If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations then R3 = R1 ∪ R2 is the relation having tuples that are either in R1 or in R2 or in both. In case, R3 will have tuples
Define- relational algebra. The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relati
Express the following queries in SQL: (a) Write the SQL code that will create ALL the four tables given in the appendix. Your answer should not contain the primary key and
Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is n r * b s + b r where b
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