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Explain Data Sublangauges ?
Data sublanguage: In relational database theory, the term sublanguage, first used for this purpose through E. F. Codd in the year of 1970, refers to a computer language used to describe or manipulate the structure and contents of a relational database management system (RDBMS). Typical sublanguages related along with modern RDBMS's are QBE (Query by Example) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
What are the disadvantages of file-processing system? Ans: The Disadvantages of File-Processing System a. Data redundancy and inconsistency - Data redundancy means not nece
explain participation constraints with examples
Some disadvantages of File Oriented System ?
Retrieve the S&S In-Chapter Database (in Microsoft Access format) from the text's Web site (or create the tables in Table 4-5 in a relational DBMS product). Write queries to answer
Explain the term High level DML? High level DML A high-level or non-procedural DML permit the user to specify what data is needed without specifying how it is to be acquired.
Consider the relations: PROJECT(proj#,proj_name,chief_architect) EMPLOYEE(emp#,emp_name) ASSIGNED(proj#,emp#) Use relational algebra to express the subsequent queries: (i) Get
Define the terms i) Entity type ii) Entity set Entity type: An entity type describes a collection of entities that have the similar attributes. Entity set: The set of all en
The indices are accumulated in the index files. The data is accumulated in the data files. Indices give fast access to data items. For example, a book database may be managed in th
Explain the structure of well formed formulae in relational calculus. Ans: a. An atom is a formula b. If P1 is a formula, after that so are ¬P1 and (P1) c. If P1 and P2 a
Explain what is Aggregation ? Aggregation: This is used whenever we intend to show a relationship between an entity and the relationship. There is no provision for this in th
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