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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
Let consider the given partial relation EMP. Let us make some sub-queries for them EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO 7566
Question: Data Mining is the process of extracting knowledge hidden from large volumes of raw data. (a) Using a suitable example, illustrate how Data Mining can be useful t
What is data model? Explain object based and record based data models? Ans: A data model is an abstract model in which describes how data is represented and accessed. (i)
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Derived horizontal fragmentation: Some applications may include a join of two or more relations. If the relations are stored at dissimilar locations, there may be a major overhead
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Type of database technology
Replication : It is definite as a copy of a relation. Every replica is stored at a dissimilar site. The alternative to replication is to store only single copy of a relation which
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