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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
WHAT IS DATABASE TECHNOLOGIES
Define canonical cover? A canonical cover Fc for F is a set of dependencies like F logically implies all dependencies in FC and Fc logically shows all dependencies in F.
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Define a property that is not a property of transactions? Ans: Concurrency is not a property of transactions
Introductory course and so does not require any fancy coding. I will provide a guidance document to help you in producing the solutions.
explain participation constraints with examples
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What are the advantages of by using an index and what are its disadvantages ? In difference, if the search key of a secondary index is not a candidate key, it is not sufficient
Data slice explanation
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