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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Represent the following scenarios with E-R diagrams drawn using the ER Assistant software. The diagrams should indicate cardinality and optionality of relationships. Transform each
Storage Of Database On Hard Disks At this point, it is worthwhile to note the difference among the terms file Organisation and the access method. A file organisation shows to t
Differentiate between a Global and a Local temporary table? - A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or if defined inside a compound statement, fo
design a generalization specialization hierarchy for a motor vehicle sales company. the company sells motorcycles, passenger cars, vens and buses.
Describe the storage structure of indexed sequential files and their access method. Ans: Storage structure of Indexed Sequential files and their access: To achieve fast rand
A super key is an attribute or set of attributes used to recognize the records uniquely in a relation. For instance, in the Relation PERSON defines earlier PERSON_ID is a super
Determine the term- Active values An active value is that has dependent values. Every dependent value registers itself with active value that contains a set of dependent values
Concurrency issues Data integrity: Threads accessing same object need to be synchronized, such as: banking account. Deadlock: One or more threads in system are perman
Hardware failure : Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) The relation NEWSTUDENT (Enrolmentno, Sno, Sname, Cname, Cno,) has every attributes participating in candidate keys as all the attributes are assu
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