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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
File Manager File manager handles the allocation of space on disk storage. It starts and maintains the list of structures and indices described in the internal schema that is
Describe Application programming interface? Application Programming Interface - Commercial SQL implementations take one of the two primary techniques for involving SQL in a p
What are attributes? Give examples. An entity is shown by a set of attributes. Attributes are descriptive properties possessed by every member of an entity set. Example: pos
What is a primary key? Primary key is chosen by the database designer as the principal means of identifying an entity in the entity set.
Data Fragmentation "Fragmentation includes decomposing the data in relation to non-overlapping component relations". Why do we require fragmenting a relation?
Law Associates is a large legal practice based in Sydney. You have been asked to design a data model for the practice based upon the following specification: The practice emplo
Define the Attribute Inheritance The attributes of a higher level entity set are inherited through a lower level entity set made by specialization-generalization hierarchy. Nam
Load sample data into the database tables design and test queries to return the following information • All rows and columns for employees • All rows and columns for customers •
Explain the terms primary key, candidate key, alternate key and secondary key. In the given table identify every key? STUDENT(SID,Regno, Name, City) Primary Key: The prim
Improved availability: The data in a distributed system may be replicated so that it is at more than one site. Thus, the failure of a node or a communication link does not necessar
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