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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
#questiRegional Gardens has many nurseries, including Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Albury, Orange, and Dubbo. Each nursery is known by its campus code, eg WW, B, A, O and D respectively.
Problem 1. Create a PL/SQL program to insert data into student table and display the details of the student having Reg.No 1010 Writing a PL/SQL program to Insert data
What are the two types of serializability? The two types of serializability is a) Conflict serializability b) View serializability
A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples
Explain Thomas' Write rule. Show how it is different from timestamp ordering protol Ans: In timestamp-based concurrency control the thomas Write rule is a rule. Given a Timest
Example: Consider the following relations: ROLLNO NAME ADDRESS COURSE_ID 100 Ka
Illustrate the State model for the ATM class let us take state model for the ATM class given below in Figure showing state model of the ATM class and the pseudo code derived fr
Adding Redundant Associations for Efficient Access The expression redundant association means using "duplicate association for proficient access". While analysis, it is not a
In a relation, tuples are not inserted in any definite order. Ordering of tuples is not defined as a part of a relation definition. Though, records may be structured later accordin
Objectives After reading this part, you should be able to: Modify, create, and delete database schema objects; Update database using SQL command; Retrieve data f
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