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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Draw an Entity-Relationship model for the relational schema given in the Appendix. Show all the entities, relationships, relationship names, and attributes and also underline the
A collection of a same kind of entities is known as an Entity Set or entity type. Example: For the COLLEGE database defines earlier objects of concern are Students, Faculty,
. Ashutosh Dubey who is the director of Gyan Gurukul want a three-level schema architecture for the Gyan Gurukul Company that provide better security also design a data abstraction
CREATE YOUR DATABASE TABLES Your database project must have a minimum of four tables. Include the SQL scripts used to create the tables in your documentation. Explain the tables
how to find entities
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
(a) Explain briefly the three parts of a relational Model. (b) Contrast the following terms with an appropriate example: (i) stored attribute v/s derived attribute (ii) en
Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data to be retrieved with no specifying exactly how to get it is Ans: Non-Procedural DML
Determine Which is not a consequence of concurrent operations? Ans: Update anomaly.
What is a Built-in A notation of identity is built-into the data model or programming language and no user-supplied identifier is needed. This form of identity is used in objec
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