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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
What does conceptual design work? A conceptual design involves modelling independent of the DBMS.
Operator Precedence The basic operators used in SQL are * / - + Operators of the similar priority are evaluated From Left to right Parentheses are used to force priorit
a need some real life examples of database management systems three level of ANSI SPARC architecture life teacher and student ,company and employee or for NGO etc.
Define What are the desirable properties of a decomposition Ans: What are the desirable properties of decomposition - dependency preserving. Because Lossless join and dependen
to develop elrctronic database from manual forms
Describe Participation Constraints? Participation Constraints - The participation constraint exacts whether the existence of an entity depends on its being related to another
Selective replication: This is a combination of generating small fragments of relation and replicating them rather than a entire relation. The data should be fragmented on require
First Normal Form and second normal form First Normal Form (1NF) A relation is said to be in 1NF if it having no non-atomic values and each row can give a unique combinat
Your friend owns and operates a wholesale shoe business with annual revenues of $5 million dollars. His wholesale business specializes in supplying and supporting retailers with sh
Define single valued and multivalued attributes. Single valued attributes: attributes with a single value for a particular entity are known as single valued attributes. Mult
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