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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
What is Collation Collation is a kind of sort order. There are majorly 3 types of sort orders, namely: i.) Dictionary case insensitive ii.)Dictionary - case sensitive
Describe the definition of a transaction in SQL Ans: The SQL transaction starts implicitly. Transactions are finished by either Commit work that commits the transaction and st
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
What do you mean by persistence? How you will make your data persistent? Persistent data is the data, which has a longer lifetime than program which has created it. Enabling th
What is assertion? Mention the forms available. An assertion is a predicate expressing a condition that we wish the database always to satisfy. Domain integrity constraints.
Question: (a) Prepare an ERD for the scenario given below. (b) Convert the ER diagram produced in (a) above into its physical design. You have to choose an appropriate Pri
A Structure of a dependency diagram
WHY SHOULD NULL IN A RELATION BE AVOID AS possible?
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Ans: This includes transforming an initial expression (tree) into an equivalent expression (tree) that is
What is the difference between a key and a superkey? Key - A key a single attribute or a combination of two or more attributes of an entity set which is used to identify one
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