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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) When attributes in a relation have multi-valued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF are needed. Let us first find out what multi-valued d
Problem: (a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram. (b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach comp
As with other software, databases can potentially be used for unethical purposes. As a database developer, and a consumer, you should recognize database misuse, and how it may affe
For each m:n relationship type R, we make a new table (say S) to represent R. We also contain the primary key attributes of both the participating entity types as a foreign key att
What is conceptual schema? The schemas at the view level are known as subschema that describe dissimilar views of the database.
Describe five main functions of a database administrator. Ans: A database administrator (DBA) is a person who is accountable for the environmental aspects of a database. Genera
Explain about database system structure? Storage manager Authorization and integrity manager Transaction manager File manager Buffer manager Storage manager
Define null values. In some cases a certain entity may not have an applicable value for an attribute or if we do not know the value of an attribute for a certain entity. In the
What is Oracle databse structure? Oracle database structure: The relational model has three main aspects: Structures: Structures are well-defined objects which store th
What are the four main characteristics of the database approach? The four major characteristics of the database approach are: 1. Self-describing nature of a database system. 2.
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