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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Write short notes on extension and intension? In any data model, it is significant to distinguish among the description of the database and the database itself the description
Lossless-Join Decomposition Let us show an intuitive decomposition of a relation. We require a better basis for deciding decompositions since intuition may not always be r
average response time?
aggregation
Determine the term- Active values An active value is that has dependent values. Every dependent value registers itself with active value that contains a set of dependent values
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explain concept of decomposition?
Conflicting Operations in Schedule: The three simple ways of interleaved instruction implement of transactions T1 and T2. Please note that in the following tables the first col
what is check point in database management system
List the data structures implemented by the storage manager. The storage manager executes the following data structure a) Data files b) Data dictionary c) indices
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