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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each. Ans: Completeness Constraints
distributed quey processing
The natural join is equal to which product? The natural join is equal to Combination of projection and Cartesian product
Explain the Recoverable Schedule A recoverable schedule is one in which for each pair of transactions Ti and Tj such that Tj reads a data item formerly written by Ti, the comm
1. Based on the dependency diagram, create a database whose tables are in at least 2NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table (as shown in class). Label the types of depe
Explain the term- Data Flows Data Flows: A data flow connects output of an object or process to input of another process or object. It represents an in-between data value wit
Let us first look into some of the important features of ER model. Entity relationship model is a high-level conceptual data model. It permits us to define the data invo
Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of re
Drawbacks of Data Distribution: The primary drawbacks of distributed database systems are the added complexity needed to ensure proper coordination between the sites. This increas
What it creates while a primary key is combined with a foreign key? It creates Parent-Child relation ship between the tables that connect them while a primary key is combined w
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