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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Exclusive lock It is asked for by a transaction on a data item that it wants to update. No other transaction can put either a shared lock or an exclusive lock on a dat
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
List the drawbacks of relational database system A) Repetition of data B) Inability to s certain information.
What is hash file organization? What are the causes of bucket overflow within a hash file organization? What can be completed to decrease the occurrence of bucket overflow?
A student entity type has the following attributes,name..
(a) Data warehouse can be defined as "a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile collection of data" in support of management's decision making process. Explain ea
What are the costs to be considered when a transaction has to be rolled back when recovering from deadlock? Ans: A few transaction will must rolled back (made a victim)
Question 1 What are the advantages of DBMS approach in managing data? Question 2 What are the services provided by a database system Question 3 List and briefly describe
What is advantage of two-way association? Two-way association advantages are following: a) Independent of the classes. b) Useful for existing predefined classes that are
Which operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table? PROJECTION operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table.
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