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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Fragmentation: It is definite as partitioning of a relation into various fragments.Every fragment can be stored at a dissimilar site.
Define the notation for classes and atrributes The notation for class, attribute, and operations are shown below: Figure: Class with attributes and operations A
Discuss the term- Design Optimization We have seen various ways of representing the objects.The fundamental design model uses analysis model as the framework for implementati
Consider employee table of (i) and list names of department(s) for which average salary for department is more than 10,000. (SELECT d_name FROM dept WHERE d_code IN (SELECT d_c
1. Which model is used to store data in tree structures Ans: Hierarchical model is used to store data in tree structures
Which operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table? PROJECTION operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table.
Before we talk about the relational model in more detail, let us first define some very basic terms used in this model. Tuple Every row in a table shows a record and is cal
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
complete assignment on the above title.
Question: a) What is Client/Server and what benefits can be expected from Client/Server systems? b) Explain what middleware is and what it does. Why would MIS managers be p
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