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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Define single valued and multivalued attributes. Single valued attributes: attributes with a single value for a particular entity are known as single valued attributes. M
Let us now make the E-R diagram for the student database as per the explanation given in the previous section. We can also states the overall logical structure of a database usi
what is 3nf
What is DBMS and what are functions of DBMS? DBMS consist of collection of integrated data and set of program to admission those data. The functions performed by a typical
What is called a query -execution engine? The query implementation engine takes a query evaluation plan, implements that plan, and returns the answers to the query.
Views in relational algebra: 1. Basic expression contains either a) A relation in the database. b) A constant relation. 2. General expressions are madde out of sma
Index And Tree Structure Let us talk about the data structure that is used for creating indexes. Can we use Binary Search Tree (BST) as Indexes? Let us initial reconsider
Which file organization provides very fast access to any arbitrary record of a file? Hashed file organization provides very fast access to any arbitrary record of a file.
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the
Object-based Models: Use objects as key data representation components . Examples:- Entity-Relationship Model: It is a collection of real world objects known as entitie
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