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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Describe logical data independence ? Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application p
Consider the relations EMPLOYEE(emp#, name) ASSIGNED_TO(project#, emp#) PROJECT(project#, project_name, chief) Express the subsequent queries in Relational Algebra (i) Ge
What is database utility? Database utility is the interface among the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
what does glory be mean
what is natural join?
WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL ? The WHERE clause is commonly used for implementing conditions on each tuple of the relation. The HAVING clause is used in combination along wi
Explain the shadow paging recovery technique. Ans: Shadow paging is a method used to acquire atomic and durable transactions, and provides the capability to manipulate pages i
What is the use of unique function? UNIQUE function: If UNIQUE is specified then only unique values are used to computed the mean.
examples of fields in a database
Explain retrieval in QBE? Retrieval in QBE : A "GUI" for expressing queries. Based on the Domain Relational Calculus (DRC) Actually invented before GUIs. Very co
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