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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
brief history,definition,current trends and future trends if any of data fragmentation
Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations There are three basic operations to be executes on relations: Insertion Deletion Update The INSER
1. Explain different addressing modes of 8086 Explanation of all addressing modes 2. Write a sequence of instructions to exchange two register contents using stack
What is data integrity? Ans: It is the data consisted of in database that is accurate and consistent. (Data integrity means that the data should be valid as per to the give
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How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Describe the two alternatives for specifying structural constraints on relationship kinds? Relationship kinds have certain constraints in which limit the possible combination o
How many physical thing?
Consider the following database containing five transactions. Let min_sup = 60%. Mine all frequent itemsets using Apriori and FP-growth algorithm. Compare the efficiency of the t
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