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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Single Valued Normalisation Codd in the year 1972 formed three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). These were based on functional dependencies between the attributes of a relati
Submit SQL INSERT Statements that will populate the database with sample data. You must insert at least 5 records into each table in your database.Submit your SQL INSERT Statement
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
Domain Constraints Domain constraints are primarily formed for defining the logically correct values for an attribute of a relation. The relation allows attributes of a relatio
What are the requirements to ensure the objectives of file management principle is realized?
losers with new information systems
What are metrics for choosing the best algorithm? Matrices for choosing the best algorithms are as below: Computational complexity Ease of understand ability and im
Why containment is important in oosystems? Containment is an significant concept in oosystems because it allows dissimilar users to view data at different granularities.
What are the advantages of embedded query language? Give an example of an embedded SQL query. Embedded query language - SQL could be implemented within two ways. It can be us
Consider a database schema consisting of four relations, whose schemas are: Product (maker, model, type) PC (model, speed, ram, hd, price) Laptop (model, speed, ram, hd, s
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