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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Consider the join of a relation R with relation S. If R has m tuples and S has n tuples, then the maximum size of join is: If R has m tuples and S has n tuples then maximum siz
What is System R? What are its two major subsystems? System R was intended and developed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Center. It is a prototype and its pur
Explain the concepts of relational data model? Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970
The External or View Level The external or view level is the highest level of abstraction of database. It gives a window on the conceptual view, which permits the user to see
What is relational model feature? A relational model feature is much more data independence than some other database models.
Explain pipelining. Ans: In order to describe pipelining in simple terms, think of it as breaking down processor functions into smaller and smaller parts. For instance,
What is an E-R model? Draw an E-R Diagram for the company database with following Descriptions? The company is organized within departments. Each department has a unique name a
What do you understand by transitive dependencies? Define with an example any two problems that can take place in the database if transitive dependencies are available in the datab
Explain the Functional Mode with help of an example. Functional Model The functional model shows a computation and functional derivation of data values in it without ind
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
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