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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
what is lossless & dependency preserving decomposition ?
Q. Explain the terms key constraints participation constraints and mapping caradinalities in ER model. Participation Constraints : The participation of an entity set E i
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
Define Radix conversion method One clever way to transform binary numbers to BCD notation (binary-coded decimal) is the "double dabble algorithm". It can be adapted to transfo
Explain P command in the respect of QBE? P: It is the command in which is used to print (logically display) the value of the attribute in whose cell it is writ
Single Valued Normalisation Codd in the year 1972 formed three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). These were based on functional dependencies between the attributes of a relati
CAR SALE (Car_id, Option_type, Option_listprice, Sale_date, Option_discountedprice) This relation refers to options installed in cars (e.g., cruise control) that were sold at a de
In an organisation various projects are undertaken. Each projects can employ one or more employees. Every employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on
Surgeons identified by doctor ID (DOCID) operate on patients identified by patient ID (PATID) in operating theaters identified by room numbers (ROOMNO). Each surgeon can operate on
prototype of a distributed information system for a national car part retail outlet chain.
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