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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
What is authorization graph? Passing of authorization from single user to another can be shown by an authorization graph.
Question: A DBMS built for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) is generally regarded as unsuitable for data warehousing. Each system is designed with a different set of requir
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
What are the drawbacks of shadow-paging technique? The drawbacks of shadow paging is:- a) Commit Overhead b) Data fragmentation c) Garbage collection
Project Description: This is a Customer Management project. Customer data is presented in a text file. The program can load this text data into its database columns. The data ma
A super key is an attribute or set of attributes used to recognize the records uniquely in a relation. For instance, in the Relation PERSON defines earlier PERSON_ID is a super
Explain Candidate Key and Super Key A super key is a set of one or more than attributes that, taken collectively, permits us to identify uniquely a tuple in the relation. Wher
Having clause This clause is used for producing conditions on grouped information. Example: Find maximum salary and department number of those departments where maxim
XYZ is a large chain of home entertainment rental over 100 stores distributed over all states in Australia. XYZ lends entertainment products such as movies, TV shows and games on v
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