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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
Define entity integrity and referential integrity. How does SQL allow specification of these? Ans: Entity Integrity Rule- If the attribute A of relation R is a prime attribut
For the question given below, you are required to submit design and implementation documentation as described over the page. Design, implement (in Java), test and document a set of
limitations and benefits in database tecknowlagy
The participation Constraints shows whether the existence of an entity depends on its being associated to another entity by the relationship type. There are two kinds of participat
How can i turn a conceptual entity relationship diagram into a logical entity relationship diagram? what do i have to do with "mandetory or" and "optional or" relationships?
Why are cursors necessary in embedded SQL? A cursor is an object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row processing through the application programs. SQL statements
Q. Define a weak entity set and its identifying relationship. List the necessary conditions for a meaningful identifying relationship set of a weak entity set. Entity is a t
The Proliferation of Object-Oriented Methods The first few years of the 1990s saw blossoming of around fifty various object oriented methods. This proliferation is a sign of g
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
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