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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Differentiate between B-tree and B + tree Ans: A B-tree (or Balanced Tree) is a search tree along with additional constraints that makes sure that the tree is all the time
Consider the following relational scheme: R (a,b,c,d,e,f) and its corresponding set of FDs {d→ a, be → c, ac → e, b → f, f → d, a → c}. a. Is the following decomposition i) non
Concatenation operator Example : Printing name and job as one string as column name employees: SELECT ENAME||JOB "EMPLOYEES" FROM EMP;
define anomalies and different types of anomalies with example
Determine the Strong and Weak Entity Based on the method of foreign key, there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a primary key of its own and a
Failures and Recovery In practice various things might occur to prevent a transaction from completing. Recovery methods are used to bring database, which does not satisfy consi
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
Which element in the database can modified by changing the data dictionary? Data elements in the database can be changed or modified through changing the data dictionary.
Explain about primary key Primary Key: It is one of the candidate keys that are taken to be the recognizing key for the entire table. E.g. although there are two candidate ke
Give detail description on Transactions. - Using transactions we can group all SQL commands into a single unit. - Transaction begins with some task and finishes only when a
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