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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Define garbage collection. Garbage may be formed also as a side effect of crashes. Periodically, it is essential to find all the garbage pages and to add them to the list of fr
Consider the following relational database: STUDENT (name, student#, class, major) COURSE (course name, course#, credit hours, department) SECTION (section identifier, course#, sem
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is (i) Inserted (ii) deleted What will be the modification if there are multilevel in
Determine the Strong and Weak Entity Based on the method of foreign key, there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a primary key of its own and a
define lock conversion
Consider the table student and list names of students in the departments other than maths and computer. SELECT std_name FRM student WHERE dept_name NOT IN (‘Maths','Computer);
What is meant by Physical blocks? The input and output operations are completed in block units. The blocks residing on the disk are referred to as physical blocks.
What is data block? Data Block - In oracle the data blocks are referred to as tablespaces. A tablespace is an fields of disk consisting of one or more disk files. A tablespace
In the first unit of this block, you have been given with the details of the Database Management System, its structure, advantages etc. This unit is an attempt to give you informat
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