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Explain data independence ?
Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level. The three-schema architecture permits the feature of data independence. Data independence occurs since while the schema is changed at a few level, the schema at the further level remains unchanged; only the mapping among the two levels is changed.
Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is n r * b s + b r where b
explain cascading rollback
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Multi-Key File Organisation In this part, we will introduce two basic file Organisation schemes that permit records to be accessed by more than one key field, therefore, allowi
Decompose the table with the following description and functional dependencies into a set of equivalent tables normalized to 3NF or BCNF. A long-standing international treaty am
complete assignment on the above title.
Compute the closure (F+) for the following set of the functional dependencies defined on R(a,b,c,d), where F - {c→ a, ab → d, a → b, d → c}, i.e. what are all of the FDs implied b
Why is need for the multiple access paths?
Explain ODBC? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL along with a general-reasons programming language.
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
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