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Explain data abstraction?
Data abstraction Data abstraction is a methodology in which enables us to isolate how a compound data object is utilized from the details of how it is constructed from more primitive data objects.
Determine the rule that a value of a foreign key should appear as a value of some particular table is called a Ans: Referential constraint. The rule that a value of a fo
What are the disadvantages of relational approach? Disadvantages of relational approach: • Substantial hardware and system software overhead • May not fit all business models •
Create centralized relational database using bottom up method. (a) Recognize a single un-normalized relation for the above scenario. (b) Recognize the primary key for
What do you understand by transitive dependencies? Define with an example any two problems that can take place in the database if transitive dependencies are available in the datab
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
What does the extract statement do in extract datasets? The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
What is a Built-in A notation of identity is built-into the data model or programming language and no user-supplied identifier is needed. This form of identity is used in objec
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema. Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abs
What is hash file organization? What are the causes of bucket overflow within a hash file organization? What can be completed to decrease the occurrence of bucket overflow?
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