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Explain data abstraction?
Data abstraction Data abstraction is a methodology in which enables us to isolate how a compound data object is utilized from the details of how it is constructed from more primitive data objects.
System R was developed and designed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Company. Its purpose was to illustrate that it is possible to create a Relational System tha
coventions for displaying an ER schema as ER diagram
What are three components of the schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC? The three component schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC is as given below: External sche
Use a Set operator to create a list of academics who have written or co-written less than 5 papers and also have greater than 3 interests. List their academic number in the output.
Define the term- Actors and Data Stores Actors: An actor is the active object which drives data flow graph by producing or consuming values. Actors are attached to inputs a
a) Suppose we updated the catalog tables in real time, that is, after every update, insert, or delete SQL statement were executed-rather than only running RUNSTATS once every few
Software failures : In such cases, a software error abruptly stops the implementation of the current transaction (or all transactions), therefore leading to losing the state of pr
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
Views A view is like a window by which data from tables can be changed or viewed. The table on which a view is based is known as Base table. The view is stored as a SELECT stat
Define a table in SQL known as Client that is used to store information about the clients. Define CLIENT_NO as the primary key whose first letter must begin with ‘C'. Also ensure t
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