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Explain data abstraction?
Data abstraction Data abstraction is a methodology in which enables us to isolate how a compound data object is utilized from the details of how it is constructed from more primitive data objects.
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
Normalize the given relation to 3NF, justifying each step
What are the three classes of SQL expression? SQL expression consists of three clauses: Select From Where
What are called index-sequential files? The files that are ordered sequentially with a primary index on the search key are known as index-sequential files
Describe integrity constraints? Integrity Constraints - A database is just as excellent as the information stored in it, and a DBMS must therefore help avoid the entry of inc
System level permissions : With the use of data dictionary you can view them. Let us take the table name as user_sys_privs (used in oracle). DESCRIBE USER_SYS_PRI
Hot Backup: Some sites cannot terminate the database while creating a backup copy of the files. The cold backup is not a reliable option. So different kinds of backing up database
There are three main sources of utilities and applications for a DBMS: a. Vendor applications and utilities are given for working with or maintaining the database, and generally
What are stored-procedures? And what are the advantages of using them? Stored procedures are database objects that perform a user defined operation. A stored procedure can have
What is relationship instance ? Relationship Instance - A relationship is a relation between two or more entities. An instance of relationship set is a set of relationships.
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