1. As management theory has evolved, contemporary theorists emphasize two approaches: the "systems approach," and the "contingency approach." Explain each.

2. Regarding ethics and ethical behaviour, how might one determine if a behaviour is "wrong?" Is it possible for an organization to behave in an ethical manner, yet have employees that are faced with personal dilemma, performing job functions that they believe are "unethical?" Explain.

3. Define both strategic plan and operational plan in terms of "breadth, "time frame," and "specificity." What level of management is more apt to do each type of plan?