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Q. Explain Clostriduim botulinum?
Clostriduim botulinum is widely distributed in soil and marine sediments throughout the. world. It is also found in the intestinal tract of animals, including fish. Most of the outbreaks of botulism have been associated with the products ofJish or marine ' animals, meat, fiuits and vegetables, including mushrooms. Insufficiently heated canned and bottled foods are at a high risk as these provide the anaerobic (without air) environment required by the organism to grow. The types of foods which have acted as vehicles of infection differ from country to country. Generally, the toxins A and B have been implicated in improperly home canned foods. The type E outbreaks have occurred by the ingestion of fermented or smoked marine products, fruits and vegetables-including mushrooms. Home cured ham and other meat products have been implicated in the outbreaks reported from Western Europe. The ,organism can be isolated occasionally from many foods because of its widespread occurrence in the environment. However, it is interesting to note that because of their non-proteolytic characteristics; their growth in foods cannot be detected by off-odours and off- flavours.
How is opening and closing of stomata controlled? Describe a) Why is the length of a food chain in an ecosystem generally limited to 3 - 4 trophic levels? Explain with an examp
Myeloid immunodeficiency causes phagocytic function, which is impaired. Those who are affected with this will undergo with enhance in susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Establishment of Tissue Cultures By now you are familiar with the term "Explants". After a few days in culture the explant becomes slightly rough in texture and its surface g
Which of the following serves as a sensor, or as part of a sensor, that functions in a positive feedback system? A. CaSRs (Calcium-Sensing Receptors) situated in the plasma mem
Assume that after washing your hands, you leave ten bacteria cells on a new bar of soap. You then decide to do a plate count of the soap after it was left in the soap dish for 24 h
OPIUM - Opium is milky latex obtained by incising the unripe capsule of white poppy ( Papave r somniferum family paprarecea) It has eaten or smoke. Generally it
What is Placoid scale? Elaborate in detail. Scales characteristic of cartilaginous fish. Formed from the dermis, scale is anchored in that layer by a basal plate composed of de
Maedi/visna Maedi, a progressive pneumonia, and visna, a neurotropic disease, found in sheep and goats are caused by the Maedi/visna virus, belonging to the family Retroviridae
Q. Write the meaning of Polyuria? Increased Urine (Polyuria): When sugar is increased in the blood it is filtered from the body along with the water. This is the reason for fre
Q. How does the quantity of genetic material differ within the cell during the sequential phases of the cell cycle? The first period of the first phase interphase of the cell c
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