Q. Explain braking mode of rotating machines?

The braking mode has both mechanical and electric energy input. The total input is dissipated as heat. The machine is driven by the externally applied torque T, while the electromagnetic torque Te is opposing T, thereby braking the machine. The electric braking of motor drives is achieved by causing the motor to act as a generator, receiving mechanical energy from the moving parts and converting it to electric energy, which is dissipated in a resistor or pumped back into the power line. Note that the applied voltage v and the generated emf e do not oppose each other.