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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
For the relations R and S given below: R S A B C 1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
Consider the relations: PROJECT(proj#,proj_name,chief_architect) EMPLOYEE(emp#,emp_name) ASSIGNED(proj#,emp#) Use relational algebra to express the subsequent queries: (i) Get
Concatenation operator Example : Printing name and job as one string as column name employees: SELECT ENAME||JOB "EMPLOYEES" FROM EMP;
What is data independence? Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data
What are uncommitted modifications? The immediate-modification technique permits database modifications to be output to the database whereas the transaction is still in the act
If the deletion violates referential integrity constraint, then three alternatives are available: Default option: - refuse the deletion. It is the job of the DBMS to describ
Explain ER Relationship model? An entity-relationship model (ERM): An entity-relationship model (ERM) is an abstract theoretical illustration of structured data. Entity-relatio
(A) For the relation; CarSales (RegNo, BuyerName, Address, SalesPerson, Make, Model, Commission) The following functional dependences hold, RegNo _ID à Make, Model Reg
Short Note on mid Square Method of hashing? Mid square method of hashing: In the method midsquare hashing, the key is squared and the address selected from the center of the s
Write short notes on data ware housing? Data ware housing applications needs the transformation of data from many sources into a cohesive reliable step set of data configured a
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