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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Implementation of association as an object Implement as a separate association object, independent of either class, as in Figure. An association object is a group of pairs
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
Explain how the object classes are mapped to tables. Each object class maps to one or more than one tables in the database. The objects in the class may be partitioned horizont
how to connect vb.net with access
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Illustrate how you can use QBE to perform logical AND and OR operation
Distributed Control and Data sharing: The geographical distribution of an organization can be showed in the distribution of the data; if a number of different sites are linked to e
Consider an information system designed for an online company which provides IT products and services These include desktops, laptops, networking products, IT books, parts, and
In case of entity integrity, the primary key may be declared? In a case of entity integrity primary key may be not Null.
Define garbage collection. Garbage may be formed also as a side effect of crashes. Periodically, it is essential to find all the garbage pages and to add them to the list of fr
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