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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What is the disadvantage of a call by reference? During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to alters to th
Express the following queries in SQL: (a) Write the SQL code that will create ALL the four tables given in the appendix. Your answer should not contain the primary key and
Section A: Use the following tables to create a database called College. Use SQL commands. Student stuid(primary) lastName firstName
Question: (a) Discuss the difference between a composite key and a composite attribute. How would each be indicated in an E-R diagram? Support your answer with appropriate exam
Question: (a) Why is it important to know the architecture rather than to start requirement capture when designing a large scale system? (b) Who are the different people in
Explain trivial dependency? Functional dependency of the form α ->β. is trivial if α C β. Trivial functional dependencies are satisfied by all the relations.
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
Question: (a) List four disadvantages of the File Processing System as compared to the Database Systems. (b) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. One
Convert the following ER - diagram (Entity Relationship Diagram) into a relational database (the primary keys are underlined): 2160_Convert the following ER - diagram into a
Benefits of Sequential File Organisation It is quick and efficient when dealing with huge volumes of data that require being processed periodically (batch system). Dra
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