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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Before defines the second type of integrity constraint, viz., Entity Integrity, we should be well-known with the concept of NULL. Mostly, NULL is intended as a basis for dealing
Question 1 Create a table student with attributes student name, roll number, total marks and percentage. Do the following operations Insert details in to the table Update
in an organization several projects are undertaken. Each project can employ one or more employees. Each employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on the
What is 2NF? A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on primary key.
What is serializability? Explain its types? The data base system must control concurrent implementation of transactions, to ensure that the data base state remains consistent.
Define a view and a trigger. Construct a view for the above relations that have the information about suppliers and the elements they supply. The view holds the S#, SNAME, P# , PNA
Define database management system? Database management system (DBMS) is a set of interrelated data and a combination of programs to access those data.
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
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Explain ER Relationship model? An entity-relationship model (ERM): An entity-relationship model (ERM) is an abstract theoretical illustration of structured data. Entity-relatio
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