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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
One-to-one relationship: For every 1:1 relationship type R in the ER diagram including two entities E1 and E2 we take one of entities (say E1) preferably with total participatio
Define object-relational systems? Systems that give object-oriented extensions to relational systems are known as object-relational systems.
. Ashutosh Dubey who is the director of Gyan Gurukul want a three-level schema architecture for the Gyan Gurukul Company that provide better security also design a data abstraction
The State of NewYork certifies firefighters throughout state and keep track all of them, as well as of the state’s fire departments. Each fire department has unique department numb
Determine the Three Views of Data We know that the similar thing, if viewed from dissimilar angles produces difference sights. Similarly, the database that we have formed alrea
Failure Controlling Methods: Failures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit. But the first question is doing we really require recov
Define Database layer? The database layer defines the data formats used in the database.
The following data are required to be stored by a family physician. Family#, FamilyAddress, Patient#, PatientName, ServiceCode, ServiceFee, ServiceDate A family can have seve
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
What is a B+-Tree index? A B+-Tree index takes the form of a balanced tree in which each path from the root of the root of the root of the tree to a leaf of the tree is of the
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