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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Explain retrieval in QBE? Retrieval in QBE : A "GUI" for expressing queries. Based on the Domain Relational Calculus (DRC) Actually invented before GUIs. Very co
Differentiate between join and outer join? Outer joins return all rows from at least one of the tables or views mentioned within the FROM clause, as long as those rows get toge
Consider the relations City (city_name, state) Hotel (name, address) City_hotel (hotel_name, city_name, owner) Answer the following queries in relational algebra (i) Find
Write short notes on relational model The relational model uses a collection of tables to show both data and the relationships between those data. The relational mo
Atomicity: It describes a transaction to be a one unit of processing. We can also say either a transaction will be finished completely or not at all. In the transaction example 1
Attributes and its types explain?
A database named yourusernameFMA has been set up for you to use for this assignment. For the FMA you must create the required tables and run the queries using this database. If y
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS? Data dictionary and transaction log are two files used during operation of the DBMS.
Representing complex relationship among data A database may contain varieties of data interrelated to each other in numerous ways. A DBMS must have the capability to represent
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