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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Write the motivations led to development of OO-DBMS? 1. Programmer frustration with RDBMSs. 2. Requirement for special features.
What is a SELECT operation? The select operation selects tuples that please a given predicate. We use the lowercase letter σ to denote selection.
Define the terms i) Entity type ii) Entity set Entity type: An entity type describes a collection of entities that have the similar attributes. Entity set: The set of all en
What are the Overlapping elements Overlapping elements can be found by scanning all the elements in front of deleted element in priority list for the sheet and comparing them
Example: Consider the following relations: ROLLNO NAME ADDRESS COURSE_ID 100 Ka
Define page. The database is partitioned into some number of fixed-length blocks, which are referred to as pages.
Problem: ‘Users and Information system specialists need to spend inordinate amounts of time locating and gathering data' (Watson and Hal, 1998) Recent developments in the ar
Differentiate strict two phase locking protocol and rigorous two phase locking protocol. In strict two phase locking protocol all exclusive mode locks taken by a transaction is
What is the use of keyword ISA? The use of keyword ISA is to show that a class is a specialization of another class.
sql is relationally complete-justify
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