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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
The result of the UNION operation between R1 and R2 is a relation that includes? The result of the operation between R1 and R2 includes all the tuples of R1 and R2 which have c
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
Write the C++ program having class name studentinfo, that is used to store the VU student information: This class should store your VUID, campus id, name and father name in the fol
The primary key is selected from the
what is view?explain
What are the comparison operator in SQL? Comparison operator in SQL are =, LIKE and BETWEEN
External failure : A failure can also result because of an external cause, such as earthquakes, fire, floods, etc. The database must be duly backed up to avoid troubles occurring d
Explain trigger? Trigger: A database trigger is procedural code which is automatically executed within response to certain events on a particular table in a database. Trigger
What are the various forms of data transparency? a) fragmentation transparency b) replication transparency c) location transparency
What is data definition language? Explain it in detail? The SQL DDL allows specification of not only a set of relations, but also information after each relation, containing
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