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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Briefly describe concurrency execution? Lock - based protocols Locks There are several modes in which a data item may be locked in this section we restrict our attention
Insulation between conceptual and physical structures It can be defined as: 1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affectin
(a) What is a Sub-Query? (b) What is the difference between a scalar sub-query and a tabular sub-query? (c) Write an equivalent SQL statement to get the Name of Product wh
Explain the conventions (relationships) for displaying an ER schema as an ER diagram.
Explain hash file organization? Hash functions a) The distribution is uniform Hash functions assign each bucket the similar number of search -key values from the set of a
Example: RELATIONAL SCHEMA for PERSON: PERSON (PERSON_ID: integer, NAME: string, AGE: integer, ADDRESS: String) RELATION INSTANCE In this instance, m = 3 and n = 4
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
NEED ER DIAGRAM WITH MINIMUM ENTITY AND RELATIONSHIP of Hospital Management System
List any eight applications of DBMS. a) Universities b) Airlines c) Banking d) Credit card transactions e) Tele communication f) Sales g)Finance h) Manufac
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape
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