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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Differentiate between Procedural and non procedural languages ? Procedural and non procedural languages - A procedural language specifies the operations to be performed on th
The technique of converting the state diagram to code a) Identify all major control paths. Start from initial state; choose a path across the diagram that corresponds to normal
Failures and Recovery In practice various things might occur to prevent a transaction from completing. Recovery methods are used to bring database, which does not satisfy consi
database help
what is natural join?
Which method is used to key transformation ? A hash method is used to key transformation.
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
What are the disadvantages of file-processing system? Ans: The Disadvantages of File-Processing System a. Data redundancy and inconsistency - Data redundancy means not nece
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Ans: This includes transforming an initial expression (tree) into an equivalent expression (tree) that is
When are they useful? Justify with an example. The temporary tables are commonly used to support specialized rollups or exact application processing needs. Unlike a permanent t
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