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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
What are attributes? Give examples. An entity is shown by a set of attributes. Attributes are descriptive properties possessed by every member of an entity set. Example: pos
E-R Model This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects named entities and of relationship among these objects. Entities are illustrated in a database
1. Identify the comparisons and exchanges made to sort the following array using the selection exchange sort technique. Note: you may not need all columns. Ori
What is inheritance? Define it in detail? Inheritance Inheritance can be at the levels of types, or at the level of tables we first consider inheritance of types, then i
Explain Alternate key? Alternate Key - All the candidate keys except primary key are known as alternate keys.
#question.what is mapping constraints and types?.
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
What is Nested Queries explain in details? Nested Queries - A SELECT query could have subquery(s) in it. While a SELECT query having another SELECT query in it, is known as n
What are the time stamps associated with each data item? W-timestamp (Q) denotes the largest time stamp if any transaction that implemented WRITE (Q) successfully. R-timesta
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