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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
In the first unit of this block, you have been given with the details of the Database Management System, its structure, advantages etc. This unit is an attempt to give you informat
What is transaction? Transaction is a unit of program implementation that accesses and possibly updated several data items.
DROP TABLE Command: When an existing object is not needed for further use, it is always better to eliminate it from the database. To remove the existing object from the databas
The ER diagram clearly showing the additional tables you have implemented. SQL table creation scripts for the tables you have set up. SQL scripts showing the sample data you
Consistency: This property makes sure that a complete transaction implementation takes a database from one consistent state to another consistent state. If the transaction fails e
Guidelines for creation of table: Table name should begin with an alphabet. In table name, single quotes and blank spaces are not allowed. Reserve words of that DBM
Differance between internal and external schema? Internal and external schema: Internal Schema • Describes the physical storage structure • Uses a physical data model External
Fifth Normal Form (5NF) These relations still have a difficulty. While defining the 4NF we mentioned that all the attributes depend upon each other. Whereas creating the two ta
What is a recovery scheme? An integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed before the failure.
Explain Superkey Ans: A superkey is described in the relational model of database organization like a set of attributes of a relation variable for which it holds that in all re
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