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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Control as Concurrent Tasks The expression control as simultaneous task means applying control for those events of object which can happen simultaneously. An object can be imp
What is a Transaction? A transaction is an event which happens on the database. Generally a transaction reads a value from the database or writes a value to the database. If y
Lossless-Join Decomposition Let us show an intuitive decomposition of a relation. We require a better basis for deciding decompositions since intuition may not always be r
what is correlation in nested query
MySQL statements for extending the database to incorporate new facilities Deliverables for submission You must submit the following deliverables in the Assignment Dropbox in
The entity type STUDENT has the following attributes: Student Name, Address, Phone, Age, Activity, and No of Years. Activity represents some campus-based student activity, and No o
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
What is indexed sequential file organization? What are the applications of this organization? Ans: An index file can be employed to effectively overcome the problem of storing
Properties of a Transaction A transaction has four main properties. These are: Atomicity Consistency Isolation or Independence Durability or Permanen
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