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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
When is UPDATE_STATISTICS command used? - When processing of large data is done, this command is used. - Whenever large number of modification, deletions or copy takes place
Explain Interblock gap? Interblock Gap - A track of a disk is separated into equal-sized disk blocks. Blocks are separated through fixed-size gaps, called as interblock gaps th
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
Give detail description on Transactions. - Using transactions we can group all SQL commands into a single unit. - Transaction begins with some task and finishes only when a
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
Implementation of association as an object Implement as a separate association object, independent of either class, as in Figure. An association object is a group of pairs
In which relational modes, cardinality is termed? Answer : Cardinality is termed in a number of tuples relational modes.
Process of implementing system design in dynamic models There are three essential approaches to implementing system design in dynamic models. These approaches are as below:
using the invoice table shown below,write the relational schema,draw a dependencies,inclunding all partial and transitive dependencies.assume that the table does not contain repeat
The users who use easy-to-use menu are called ? The users who use easy to use menu are called as Naïve users.
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