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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What are the situations while DBMS should not be used? DBMS should not be used in situations like: (i) No need of security. (ii) Not difficulty to access the data (iii) N
Single Valued Normalisation Codd in the year 1972 formed three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). These were based on functional dependencies between the attributes of a relati
Define query optimization. Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
In a relation, tuples are not inserted in any definite order. Ordering of tuples is not defined as a part of a relation definition. Though, records may be structured later accordin
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the delet
need to get answer for questions 3&4 on this page in part 1
The Database Approach In order to overcome the limits of a file system, a new approach was needed. Hence a database approach emerged. A database is a persistent collection of
construct an er diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors. associate with each patient a log of various test and examination conducted.convert er d
3 assignments combined in 1
Explain the three data models namely relational, network and hierarchical and evaluate their relative advantages and disadvantages. Hierarchical Model: In hierarchical model, da
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