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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What is meant by functional dependencies? Consider a relation schema R and α C R and β C R. The functional dependency α ->β holds on relational schema R if in any legal relati
Question (a) Concurrent access to data from a database is a normal part of application program usage. Describe three approaches to concurrency control (b) Distinguish among
Question 1 Define OLTP? Explain the Differences between OLTP and Data Warehouse Question 2 What is Architecture? Explain various components involved in it Question
Differentiate between static hashing and dynamic hashing. Ans: Static Hashing comprises the number of primary pages in the directory fixed. So, while a bucket is full, we requ
What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each. Ans: Completeness Constraints
Describe the term- State Diagram State Diagram: An object could receive a sequence of the input instructions. The state of the object can differ depending upon sequence of in
Differentiate between strict two-phase and rigorous two-phase with conversion protocol Ans: Strict two-phase locking holds all its exclusive that is write locks until commit t
Explain the Deferred Update The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transaction reaches its commit point; after that the updates
Explain CNT in the respects of QBE ? CNT: It is one of the aggregation commands given in QBE. It is used to identify number of tuples
what is multivalued dependency
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