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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each. Is the combination 'Not Null, Primary Key' a valid combination. Justify. Not Null - Shou
Aggregation : One limitation of the E-R diagram is that they do not permit representation of relationships between relationships. In such a case the relationship along with its ent
(1) Insert into PERSON Violated constraint: - Key constraint Reason: - Primary key 1 already exists in PERSON. Dealing: - DBMS could ask the user to provide valid PER
What is conceptual model ? A conceptual model is a independent of both hardware and software.
A basic model of Database Access Control Models of database access control have grown out of previous work on protection in operating systems. Let us talk about one simple mode
he SQL query that will return the order number, quantity ordered, price each and total cost of an order (quantity * price each) from the order details table. Label the calculated c
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation Data that is derived from other data should be stored in the computed form to avoid re-computation. For this, we could define
What is NULL? Simply NULL means not in value.
What does conceptual design work? A conceptual design involves modelling independent of the DBMS.
What is a view? A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically kept instead being derived f
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