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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
what is object-identity
Q. Describe how an ER schema can be represented by relation schemas and constraints arising from ER design can be mapped to constraints on a relation schema. The entity rela
What is indexed sequential file organization? What are the applications of this organization? Ans: An index file can be employed to effectively overcome the problem of storing
The Structured Query Language INTRODUCTION Database is an organised set of information about an entity having controlled redundancy and serves numerous applications. DBMS
assume we have the following apllicationthat model sccer team the games they play and the players inv each teamin the design we want to capture
Which component is not included in database environment ? A users component is not included in database environment.
Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department.
What does the extract statement do in extract datasets? The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
Explain Strict Two-Phase locking A transaction T does not release any type of its exclusive (X) locks until that transaction commits or aborts. In this method no other transact
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