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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Question 1: (a) Planning and management of ICT projects have a very poor record in developing countries. Briefly explain five critical success factors for correct implementa
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
What is an Operand? The data on which the operation is to be performed is known as an Operand
ER diagram on cosmetics
Consider a systems development project with the following data Activity Duration (weeks) Precedence Relationship 1. Software design
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
what is Storage-Device Hierarchy question
non numeric literals
Data Manipulation Language Data manipulation language (DML) describes a set of commands that are used to query and change data within existing schema objects. In this case comm
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