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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Discuss the count function? The COUNT function used returns the number of tuples or values fixed in a query. The count function comprises two types of syntax: (1) COUNT (*)
Show, with the help of an example, that relatively high-level transitions result when system or program is stimulated by the outside events. In diagram below, we can observe i
describe all the tables you have created. ?get table_name, status, num_rows, user_stats in user_tables system view ?get table_name, constraint_name, constraint_type in user_constr
Example :; transfers transfer_amount from x's account to y's account ; Supposes x&y both accounts exist TRANSACTION (x, y, transfer_amount) Start transaction IF X AND Y
multidimensional data model
Describe Parameteric end users? Parametric end users might be given update access, but are commonly not permitted to change the structure of data.
Explain the difference between the three storage types - volatile, non volatile and stable. Ans: Volatile storage: if storage media loses data while power goes off,
What is a recursive relationship? Give an example not used in the text. A recursive relationship is a relationship among an entity and itself. For example, given the entity PER
Explain recovery process after system failure using checkpoint. Ans: Checkpoint scheme or method is an extra component of the log based recovery system. This scheme is used to
In tuple relational calculus P1 → P2 is equivalent to ? A In tuple relational calculus P1→ P2 is equivalent to ¬P1 V P2. (The logical implication expression A B, meaning
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