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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What is DAG? The class-subclass relationship is shown by a directed acyclic graph.eg: employees can be temporary or permanent. We might be create subclasses temporary \and perm
Attributes that are directly kept in the data base. For example, 'Birth date' attribute of a person. Derived Attributes that are not stored directly but can be derived
What is NULL? Simply NULL means not in value.
What are the disadvantages of relational data ? Disadvantages • Performance - If the number of tables among that relationships to be established are large and the tables t
Implementing software control To implement software control designer must redesign strategy of state event model which is present in dynamic model. There are three basic ap
Some disadvantages of File Oriented System ?
Adding Redundant Associations for Efficient Access Redundant associations do not add any type of information, therefore during design we should actually examine structure of o
System R was developed and designed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Company. Its purpose was to illustrate that it is possible to create a Relational System tha
Explanation on Data Sharing?
what is natural join?
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