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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What is OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)? In OLTP - online transaction processing systems relational database design use the discipline of data modeling and generally follo
what problems are raised by the database? why is it so controversial? why is data quality an issue?
Define Hash files organization a. Hashing includes computing the address of a data item by calculating a function on the search key value. b. A hash function h is a functi
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
er diagtram for icici
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
What is Relational calculus? Relational calculus is a Non- Procedural language.
Ask Write the SQL code that will create the table structure for a table named EMP _1. This table is a subset of the EMPLOYEE table. The basic EMP_1 table structure is summarized in
Explain in detail the consistency model of the distributed file system you studied (GFS or AFS). Present the consistency model chosen and how it was achieved through design. Clarit
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