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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
In case of entity integrity, the primary key may be declared? In a case of entity integrity primary key may be not Null.
What are axioms? Axioms or rules of inference give a simpler technique for reasoning about
Consider the 1ollowin8 relation: CAR SALE (Car_id, Option_type, Option_listprice, Sale_date, Option_discountedprice) This relation refers to options installed in cars (e.g., crui
Making Common Behaviour Abstract Let us define abstraction "Abstraction means to focus on the necessary, inherent aspects of an entity and ignoring its accidental features". O
What are the two types of blocks in the fixed -length representation? Define them. Anchor block: Have the first record of a chain. Overflow block: Have the records other tha
Describe five main functions of a database administrator. Ans: A database administrator (DBA) is a person who is accountable for the environmental aspects of a database. Genera
Describe Physical Data independence ? Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the exter
Objectives After reading this unit you should be able to: Explain storage of databases on hard disks; Discuss the execution of various file Organisation techniques;
The Transactions- A transaction is definite as the unit of work in a database system. Database systems that deal with a huge number of transactions are also termed as transaction p
a need some real life examples of database management systems three level of ANSI SPARC architecture life teacher and student ,company and employee or for NGO etc.
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