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Q. Explain about 4-bit adder-subtractor circuit?
Subtraction operation on binary numbers can be obtained by succession of addition operations only it implies that to achieve subtraction A-B we can find 2's complement of B. This can be computed by 1's complemented and then adding 1 to it. So a common circuit can carry out addition and subtraction operation. A 4-bit adder subtraction circuit is displayed in figure below that is formed by employing XOR gate with each full adder. XOR gate with output 0 is for inspecting overflow.
Figure: 4-bit adder-subtractor circuit
Control input 'x' controls operations it implies that if x =0 then circuit acts as an adder and if x =1 then circuit acts as a subtractor. The operation is summarized as below:
a. When x = 0, c = 0, output of all XOR gates would be same as corresponding input Bi where i = 0 to 3. So Ai and Bi are added by full adders providing Sum Si and carry Ci .
b. When x = 1 output of all XOR gates will be complement of input Bi where i =0 to 3 to that carry C0=1 is added. So circuit finds A plus 2's complement of B which is equal to A-B.
How to detect overflow condition An overflow condition can be notice by observing the carry into the sign bit position and the carry out of sign bit position. If this carries a
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