Expalin the history of parallel computers, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Expalin the History Of Parallel Computers

The researches with and implementations of use of the parallelism started long back in the 1950's by IBM Corporation. The IBM STRETCH computers also recognized as IBM 7030 were built in 1959.  In design of these computers, some new concepts such as overlapping I/O with processing and instruction look ahead were introduced.  A serious approach in the direction of designing parallel computers was begun with the development of ILLIAC IV in the year 1964 at University of Illinois.  It had a single control unit however multiple processing elements. On this machine, at one time, a single process is executed on different data items by different processing elements. The idea of pipelining was introduced in computer CDC 7600 in 1969.  It used pipelined arithmetic unit.  In the years 1970-85, the research in this field was focused on the development of vector super computer.  In 1976 the CRAY1 was developed by Seymour Cray.  Cray1 was a pioneering effort in development of the vector registers. It used main memory only for load and store operations. Cray1 did not access virtual memory and optimized pipelined arithmetic unit and Cray1 had clock speed of 12.5 n.sec.  The Cray1 processor evolved up to a speed of 12.5 Mflops on 100 × 100 linear equation solutions.  The subsequent generation of Cray known as Cray XMP was developed in the years 1982-84.  It was united with 8-vector supercomputers and used a shared memory. Apart from Cray, the giant company producing parallel computers, Control Data Corporation (CDC) of USA, manufactured supercomputers, the CDC 7600. Its vector supercomputers known as Cyber 205 had memory to memory architecture which is, input vector operands were streamed from the main memory to the vector arithmetic unit and results were stored back in the main memory. The benefit of this architecture was, it didn't limit the size of vector operands.  The drawback was that it required a very high speed memory so that there will be no speed mismatch between vector arithmetic units and main memory.  Producing such high speed memory is very expensive.  The clock speed of Cyber 205 was 20 n.sec.  

In the 1980's Japan also started producing high performance vector supercomputers. Companies such as NEC, Fujitsu and Hitachi were main manufacturers.  Hitachi created S-810/210 and S-810/10 vector supercomputers in 1982.  NEC created SX-1 and Fujitsu created VP-200.  All these machines used semiconductor technologies to attain speeds at equivalence with Cray and Cyber.  However their operating system and vectorisers were poorer than those of American companies. 

 


Related Discussions:- Expalin the history of parallel computers

Direct or random access of elements, Direct or random access of elements is...

Direct or random access of elements is not possible in:- In Linked list direct or random access of elements is not possible

Universal serial bus - computer architecture, Universal Serial Bus - comput...

Universal Serial Bus - computer architecture: USB   Universal Serial Bus   Speed Low-speed(1.5 Mb/s) High-speed(480 Mb/s) Full-speed(12 Mb/s)   De

What are the advantages of store program control, What are the Advantages o...

What are the Advantages of store program control (I) Easy to maintain (II) Easy to control (III) Wide range of services can be provided to customers (IV) Flexible

Explain vehicle tracking system, Case Study - A taxi company has 200 taxies...

Case Study - A taxi company has 200 taxies. The company provides its services to all the nine districts in Mauritius, about 20 taxies per district. A taxi is normally attached to

What are the restrictions on subscreens, What are the restrictions on Subsc...

What are the restrictions on Subscreens? Subscreens have various restrictions.  They cannot: Set their own GUI status Have a named OK code Call another screen

What are packages, What are packages? Package is a group of elements (c...

What are packages? Package is a group of elements (classes, generalizations, associations and lesser packages) with a common theme. Package partitions a model making it simpler

Dataflow computing, Dataflow Computing A different to the von Neumann m...

Dataflow Computing A different to the von Neumann model of computation is the dataflow computation model. In a dataflow model, control is fixed to the flow of data. The order o

Applications of electronic data interchange in business, What are the appli...

What are the applications of Electronic Data Interchange in business? The applications of Electronic Data Interchange are as given below: 1. Organisations that use EDI 2

What is meant by stacked list, What is meant by stacked list? A stacke...

What is meant by stacked list? A stacked list is nothing but secondary list and is showed on a full-size screen unless you have specified its coordinates using the window comm

Define the do while loop, The do while Loop This is very similar to the...

The do while Loop This is very similar to the while loop except that the test occurs at the end of the loop body. This guarantees that the loop is executed at least once before

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd