URINARY BLADDER -

Pear shaped sac like. Situated in pelvic region of abdominal cavity. Ventrally placed.

Lined by transitional epithelum. Detrusor muscle i.e. to expell out present.

Outer covering is serous membrane.

Urinnary bladder when convert into urethra at that point sphinctor present made up of striped muscles i.e. Trigon.

Emptification of urinnary bladder is micturition. For micturition 300-400 ml. urine is needed.

Diaphragm is helpful in micturition.2 reflexes occur in bladder storage reflexes are vioding reflex and release reflex.

Bladder can store 700-800 ml. urine. Bladder is absent in snakes, crocodile, birds and prototheria.

In struthio present exceptionaly.

URETHRA

It starts from lower part of bladder. Open in male thorugh urinogenital aperture on glanse of penis.

In female on vulva by urethral opening.