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Q. Using examples of invertebrate nervous systems how can the process of evolutionary cephalization be described?
Considering the example of invertebrates it is observed that evolution makes the increasing of the complexity of the organisms to be accompanied by convergence of nervous cells to special structures for commanding and controlling the brain and the ganglia. In simple invertebrates, like cnidarians, the nervous cells aren't concentrated but they are found dispersed in the body. In platyhelminthes a beginning of cephalization with the anterior ganglion concentrating neurons is previously verified. In arthropods and annelids the existence of a cerebral ganglion is evident. In cephalopod the brain commands the nervous system and molluscs the cephalization is even greater.
Casparian strip In plants, the impermeable waxy layer between the cells of endodermis which stops water and solutes from entering into the xylem, except by passing through the cyt
a) How do viruses enter plant body and spread to long distances within it? b) Mention any two ways by which viruses spread from single plant to another.
Milkers’ nodules Milkers’ nodules are caused either by cowpox virus, an orthopoxvirus or pseudocowpox virus, a parapoxvirus. These are relatively benign lesions that occur most co
Elderly Is the treatment of hypertension different in elderly? Generally, the target for treatment should be at lower levels in the elderly. This is because, the elderly have
Determine the Fransworth 100 Hue Panel Test This is a simple and useful test using colour chips arranged in a particular sequence. Colour deficient patients make errors in arra
Define Factors Contribute to the Malabsorption - Radiation Damage? Malabsorption of water, fats, bile salts, carbohydrates, calcium, magnesium, iron and vitamin B 12 occur dur
The fibrous rings of the four valves of the heart are continuous with each other. They not only form the basis for the attachment of the corresponding valve cusps but also form an
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what is ecology
G a ngrenous dermatitis (necrotic dermatitis) A bacterial condition in chickens caused by spores of Clostridium septicum , sometimes that of Cl. novyi / Cl. edematiens a
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