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Example of Special-names:
Consider the illustration: Let the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph be as shown:
SPECIAL-NAMES. CHANNEL 1 IS PAGE-TOP.
The Channel is related with the top of the page. Whereas instructing the computer to write a line on the line printer, the programmer may like to state that the line should be printed as the first line on a new page. This may be completed by involving the ADVANCE TO CHANNEL 1 clause in the write statement. The aim of the special name clause illustrated above is to enable the programmer to substitute CHANNEL 1 by PAGE-TOP in the ADVANCING clause. The idea is to give better documentation. If one favors to use CHANNEL 1 in the write statement, then the special name entry is not needed.
Data types available in COBOL are given below Alpha-numeric (X), numeric (9), alphabetic (A)
We have input file, record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input f
Data Names and Identifiers: The Data name provides reference to the storage space in the memory where the real value is stored. This value takes part in the operation whene
SIGN CONDITION: The sign condition establishes whether or not the algebraic value of an operand is negative, positive or zero. The operand can be either the numeric identif
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files: The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the re
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM - THRU: We have to write a program to elaborate PERFORM ...THRU statement Identification division. Program- id. Perfthru. Environment division.
PROGRAM FOR IF : We have to write a program to check whether the given number is ODD or EVEN. Identification division. Program- id. Ifst. Environment division.
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
LABEL RECORD CLAUSE: This clause specifies whether or not the standard header and trailer labels must be present in the magnetic-tape files. VALUE OF CLAUSE: The VAL
Identification Division: The Identification Division is the first division of each and every COBOL source program. The paragraph PROGRAM-ID is necessary in most of the mac
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