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Example of Level numbers - cobol programming:
To explain the hierarchical structure introduced above, the concept of the level number is employed in COBOL.
The most broad group should have the level number 01. The initial subdivisions can have any level number between 02 and 49. More subdivisions must follow the similar range with the restriction that an item cannot have a level number less than or equal to the level numbers of the group which may include it. However a group involves all the elementary data or smaller groups beneath it until a level number equal to or less than the level number of the said group is encountered. The illustrations reveal the concept of the level numbers.
The group DATE that was shown former in the pictorial form is described in the first illustration. In the second illustration PAY is the most comprehensive group that has three subdivisions, namely, the GROSS-PAY, DEDUCTIONS &NET-PAY. The GROSS-PAY is again subdivided into BASIC, DEARNESS & HOUSE-RENT. In similar way the deductions are further subdivided into the PF-DEDUCT and IT-DEDUCT. It may be noted that the elementary data items are BASIC, DEARNESS, HOUSE-RENT, PF-DEDUCT, and IT-DEDUCT & NET-PAY. The structure can be pictorially shown below:
Many times, in a hierarchical data structure like this, the programmer may not need a data item to be referred to in the PROCEDURE DIVISION. This situation usually arises when a group and only few of its subdivisions are to be used in the program. The remaining subdivisions do not require to be used explicitly. In such cases the word FILLER may be used to name data to which the programmer does not wish to assign a specific name. FILLER can be used as many times as needed.
Example of compound condition: In common, a compound condition has the form which is as shown below: Where condition-1 & condition-2 can be any one of the below:
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
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Rules for apply for the condition name: The rules below apply for the condition name. (i) The Condition names should be explained at level 88. The level number starts in ma
Example of Class condition: Let the BASIC-PAY be a data name in the card record defined with picture 9(5) V99. By reading the card we can test the value of the BASIC-PAY to ma
PERFORM STATEMENT: The PERFORM statement can be used to execute the group of consecutive statements written elsewhere in the program. We refer to this group of statements a
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PROGRAM FOR PERFORM - VARYING: We have to write a program to elaborate PERFORM ...VARYING Identification division. Program- id. PerfVary. Environment division. Dat
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