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Example of Cast Operator
So long as CAST is used as shown, we could obtain the total marks for each exam in similar fashion, using SUM (Mark) AS TotalMarks. However, this gives NULL, instead of zero, for the courses whose exams nobody sat. That problem can be addressed by using COALESCE, as shown in Example.
Example: Give the total of marks for each exam
WITH C_ER AS (
SELECT CourseId,
CAST (
TABLE (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId, Mark
FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
WHERE EM.CourseId = C.CourseId )
AS ROW ( StudentId SID, Mark INTEGER) MULTISET)
AS ExamResult
FROM COURSE AS C)
SELECT CourseId, (SELECT SUM (Mark)
FROM TABLE(ER (ExamResult)) AS t) AS n
FROM C_ER
Explanation
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS
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