A polarizer (Polarization) consists of long-chain polymers aligned in a preferred orientation. How does that orientation evaluate with the direction of polarization of the polarizer?

Answer:

Charged particles in the long-chain polymers that make up polarizing material can respond to electric fields directed along the polymers. In consequently doing work is done on the charged particles by the electric field of the light. Therefore the light imparts some of its energy to the charged particles in the long molecules of the polymer. In giving its energy to the particles the light is captivated. The charged particles in the long molecules of the polymer aren't able to move in directions perpendicular to the molecules. Therefore they can't respond to electric fields that are perpendicular to the molecules. Therefore light whose electric field oscillates in directions defined by a line that is perpendicular to the long molecules of the polymer is not absorbed.

The ostensible polarization direction of polarized light is really two directions that are opposite each other. The electric field oscillates back as well as forth along the line defining these two directions. Therefore light that is polarized along the direction in which the polymers in a polarizer are aligned is absorbed. Light that is polarized that is perpendicular to the direction in which the polymers in a polarizer are aligned gets through. Therefore the polarization direction of a polarizer the direction which is depicted in diagrams of a polarizer is at right angles to the direction in which the long chain polymers in the polarizer are aligned.