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M protein of rheumatogenic GAS has distinct structural characteristics that are akin to human heart tissue, particularly sarcolemmal membrane proteins and cardiac myosin. The major factors that lead to risk of ARF are the severity of the immune response to GAS pharyngitis and persistence of GAS organisms during convalescence. A very small proportion (0.3-3 per cent) of patients suffering from GAS throat infection ultimately develop ARF and this along with a familial predisposition of ARF points to a genetic susceptibility. However, in our Indian patients a genetic linkage to HLA DR3 in patients, with ARF has been demonstrated. For confirmation of the initial diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, evidence of prior GAS infection is required. Several rapid GAS antigen tests are available. Majority of these tests has a high degree of specificity but low level of sensitivity in clinical practice.
However, it must be stressed that a negative test does not rule out the GAS infection in the throat. At the same time in presence of a positive antigen test and positive throat culture, it is difficult to distinguish between a recent infection which can be associated with ARF and chronic carrier of GAS infection with ARF. Elevated or rising ASO titres (> 250Todd units in adults and >333 Todd units in children) are more reliable evidence of recent GAS infection than a positive culture or positive rapid antigen test and such titres are also significant for diagnosis.
Explain Methods for Coliform Detection in Water? Sanitary condition of drinking water can be determined by counting the coliform bacteria. It is a reliable and reproducible ind
Diagnosis of galactosemia is by measuring the activity of gal-l-P-transferuse in erythrocytes. Galactose should be restricted if the gal-1 -P-transferase is elevated above 2 mg/dl.
Q. What are the main biological functions of water? Water is the basic solvent for chemical reactions of living beings; it is the main means of substance transportation in the
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If water dousing, homeopathic cures, and so on work for just me but not for anyone else, it is still science.
Q. Causes of Malnutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The causes of malnutrition include: • Decreased oral intake, which can be disease induced due to abdominal pain, dia
What are the final energetic products of each round of the Krebs cycle? Where is most part of the utile energy at the end of Krebs cycle found? After each round of the Krebs cy
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