Etiology, Biology

Assignment Help:

M protein of rheumatogenic GAS has distinct structural characteristics that are akin to human heart tissue, particularly sarcolemmal membrane proteins and cardiac myosin. The major factors that lead to risk of ARF are the severity of the immune response to GAS pharyngitis and persistence of GAS organisms during convalescence. A very small proportion (0.3-3 per cent) of patients suffering from GAS throat infection ultimately develop ARF and this along with a familial predisposition of ARF points to a genetic susceptibility. However, in our Indian patients a genetic linkage to HLA DR3 in patients, with ARF has been demonstrated. For confirmation of the initial diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, evidence of prior GAS infection is required. Several rapid GAS antigen tests are available. Majority of these tests has a high degree of specificity but low level of sensitivity in clinical practice.

However, it must be stressed that a negative test does not rule out the GAS infection in the throat. At the same time in presence of a positive antigen test and positive throat culture, it is difficult to distinguish between a recent infection which can be associated with ARF and chronic carrier of GAS infection with ARF. Elevated or rising ASO titres (> 250Todd units in adults and >333 Todd units in children) are more reliable evidence of recent GAS infection than a positive culture or positive rapid antigen test and such titres are also significant for diagnosis.


Related Discussions:- Etiology

What is its function of pylorus, Q. What is the valve that separates the du...

Q. What is the valve that separates the duodenum from the stomach called? What is its function? The valve that separates the stomach from the duodenum is the pylorus it has the

List the routine treatment sequence for an implant patient, List the routin...

List the routine treatment sequence for an implant patient. The different phases are - Preliminary treatment - Stage I surgical phase - Stage II surgery and Prosthetic

Evaluation of nursing process, Evaluation This is the last step in nur...

Evaluation This is the last step in nursing process. Throughout care, you constantly evaluate the progress the client has made towards reaching the pre-established goals/ ob

The statement is true or false, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to prop...

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to propose placing microorganisms into the Kingdom Monera. True or False

Explain inotropes and vasopressors, Explain Inotropes and Vasopressors ...

Explain Inotropes and Vasopressors Persisting hemodynamic instability after correction of hypovolemia would necessitate the use of vasoactive agents. Which drug or interventio

What type of light-sensitive cell is present in this region, a) Which regio...

a) Which region of the retina gives the most accurate interpretation of the image? b) What type of light-sensitive cell is present in this region?   (a) The fove

Explain cognitive - behavioural approaches, Cognitive - Behavioural Approac...

Cognitive - Behavioural Approaches They includepsychoeducatiorzal and rational-emotive  therapy. The goal is to identify problem behaviour and irrational beliefs and then to de

Name two features of eukaryotic cells, How are the organelles of a single c...

How are the organelles of a single cell like the organs of a multicellular organism? Name two features of eukaryotic cells that prokaryotic cells lack.

Planning the nursing care for dysentry, Planning the Nursing Care   1) ...

Planning the Nursing Care   1) Maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.  2) Administer accurate and adequate antibiotics drugs.  3) Prevent the spread of infection.

Explain about the adie''s pupil disease, Adie's  (Tonic) Pupil In Adie'...

Adie's  (Tonic) Pupil In Adie's syndrome there is no evident cause for the denervation. Most patients are women, aged 20-40 and have poor light reaction in one eye. When examin

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd