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Essential Properties of Operating System
1. Batch: Jobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by trying to keep I/O devices and CPU busy at all times through buffering, off line operation, spooling and multiprogramming. A Batch system is decent for executing large jobs which need little interaction, it can be submitted as well as picked up latter.
2. Time sharing: Uses CPU s scheduling and multiprogramming to provide economical interactive use of a system. CPU switches rapidly from one user to another it implies that CPU is shared between some interactive users. Rather than having a job defined by spooled card images, every program reads its subsequent control instructions from the terminal and output is typically printed immediately on the screen.
3. Interactive: User is on line with computer system and interacts with it by an interface. It is normally composed of many short transactions where result of the subsequent transaction may be unpredictable. Response time needs to be short because the user submits and waits for result.
4. Real time system: Real time systems are generally dedicated, embedded systems. They normally read from and react to sensor data. System should guarantee response to events within fixed periods of time to make sure correct performance.
5. Distributed: Distributes computation among several physical processors. The processors don't share memory or a clock. Instead each processor has its own local memory. They communicate with each other through various communication lines.
Processes have valid and invalid entries on their page tables. The valid entries all point to some where "real" (e.g. a physical page, or some portion of disk in case of non-reside
How does user specify block to be fetched in direct access? By specifying the relative block number, relative to first block in file, which is block 0.
What are the different thread levels? There are two broad type of thread implementation: User-Level Threads -- Thread Libraries. Kernel-level Threads -- System Calls.
Explain Deadlock Every process in a set of processes is waiting for an event which only a process in the set can cause.
Define the Jobs which are admitted to the system for processing is called The Jobs which are admitted to the system for processing is known as long-term scheduling.
Explain external fragmentation? External fragmentation is the process where the free space and the space still available for use, in a piece of storage become separated into ma
Q. What is the use of the command interpreter? Why is it generally separate from the kernel? Answer: It reads commands from the user or else from a file of commands and execu
Define the WindowsNT WindowsNT provides a two-level approach to resource management: process and thread. The process is the uppermost level and contains most of the application
We have stressed the need for an operating system to make efficient use of the computing hardware. When is it appropriate for the operating system to forsake this principle and to
What is reference string We evaluate an algorithm by running it on a definite string of memory reference and computing the number of page faults. The string of memory reference
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