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A collection of a same kind of entities is known as an Entity Set or entity type.
Example:
For the COLLEGE database defines earlier objects of concern are Students, Faculty, Course and departments. The sets of all the students' entities form a entity set STUDENT. Likewise collection of all the courses creates an entity set COURSE.
Entity sets require not be disjoint. For example - an entity may be part of the entity set STUDENT, the entity set FACULTY, and the entity set PERSON.
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
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