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Question:
(a) In the context of database security explain how the following database features help to enforce security in the database system:
(i) Authorisation (ii) Access Control (iii) Views
(b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. Explain what is meant by the above terms.
(c) Write SQL code to create a view of name Toronto_finance_view that contains the employee last name, the department name and the city of all employees that works in the Finance department located in the city of Toronto.
(d) Write SQL code to give the select privilege to the view created above to Mark and Spencer.
A Deductive Database System can be conceived as a database capable of deducing additional new data from data that is explicitly represented (facts), by applying specified rules of inference to those facts (e) Discuss the main features of a deductive database system, and contrast it with a relational database system. Your discussion should include identifying the role of logic programming in a deductive database.
(f) In the context of deductive databases, explain the following concepts:
Cursor Attributes The Cursors and cursor variables have 4 attributes which give you helpful information about the execution of a data manipulation statement. Syntax:
Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
LAWS / RULES - Dollo's Law : Living organisms do exhibit evolutionary irreversibility or evolution is irreversible. Williston's Law
Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term read-only operator to the mathematical term function. Here I just need to add that the SQL standard reserves the term function for read-
Cause of Indeterminacy in SQL One root cause of indeterminacy in SQL lies in its implementation of comparison for equality. For certain system-defined types it is possible for
Delimiters A delimiter is a simple or compound symbol which has a special meaning to PL/SQL. For example, you use delimiters to symbolize an arithmetic operation like additio
Conditionals - SQL At first sight SQL does not appear to have a single operator for expressing logical implication. In this respect it would be in common with most programming
Use of Table Comparisons - SQL Table comparisons where it is noted that although table expressions cannot be compared, we have TABLE (t) to convert a table expression t into
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
Defining and Declaring Collections To create the collections, you must define a collection type, and then declare the collections of that type. You can define the VARRAY types a
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