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Question:
(a) In the context of database security explain how the following database features help to enforce security in the database system:
(i) Authorisation (ii) Access Control (iii) Views
(b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. Explain what is meant by the above terms.
(c) Write SQL code to create a view of name Toronto_finance_view that contains the employee last name, the department name and the city of all employees that works in the Finance department located in the city of Toronto.
(d) Write SQL code to give the select privilege to the view created above to Mark and Spencer.
A Deductive Database System can be conceived as a database capable of deducing additional new data from data that is explicitly represented (facts), by applying specified rules of inference to those facts (e) Discuss the main features of a deductive database system, and contrast it with a relational database system. Your discussion should include identifying the role of logic programming in a deductive database.
(f) In the context of deductive databases, explain the following concepts:
Using Operator VALUE: As you may expect, the operator VALUE returns the value of an object. The VALUE takes its argument a correlation variable. For illustration, to return a
%ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields the number of rows affected by the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or returned by a SELECT INTO statement. The %ROWCOUNT yields zero when a
V ariables and Constants in PL/SQL The PL/SQL permits you to declare constants and variables, and then use them in SQL and procedural statements anywhere in the expression. Th
Records Records are the items of the type RECORD. The Records have exclusively named fields that can store the data values of various types. And hence, a record treat associate
Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOI
Declaring Objects: You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, yo
Keyword and Parameter Description select_statement: This is a query which returns a result set of the rows. Its syntax is such that of select_ into_statement without the IN
Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS
%TYPE Attribute The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a record, field, nested table, database column, or the variable. You can use the %TYPE attribute as the datatype speci
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
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