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Question:
(a) In the context of database security explain how the following database features help to enforce security in the database system:
(i) Authorisation (ii) Access Control (iii) Views
(b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. Explain what is meant by the above terms.
(c) Write SQL code to create a view of name Toronto_finance_view that contains the employee last name, the department name and the city of all employees that works in the Finance department located in the city of Toronto.
(d) Write SQL code to give the select privilege to the view created above to Mark and Spencer.
A Deductive Database System can be conceived as a database capable of deducing additional new data from data that is explicitly represented (facts), by applying specified rules of inference to those facts (e) Discuss the main features of a deductive database system, and contrast it with a relational database system. Your discussion should include identifying the role of logic programming in a deductive database.
(f) In the context of deductive databases, explain the following concepts:
Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which labels an executable statement or the PL/SQL block. You can use a GOTO statement to
Parameter and Keyword Description: SQL: This SQL is the name of the implicit SQL cursor. %FOUND: This attribute results TRUE if an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE state
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ever coauthored papers with authors from institutes in the same state as their own. List their academic number,
Name Resolution In potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g.
Map and Order Methods: The values of the scalar datatype like CHAR or REAL have a predefined order that allows them to be compared. While, the instances of an object type has
Cause of Indeterminacy in SQL One root cause of indeterminacy in SQL lies in its implementation of comparison for equality. For certain system-defined types it is possible for
UNION without CORRESPONDING - SQL The use of UNION without CORRESPONDING. Example is merely by omitting CORRESPONDING, but only because the operands have identical SELECT clau
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
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